Test 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Define abiotic and give examples.
Abiotic is non-living components in ecosystems. EX: Temperature, sunlight, precipitation, soil, salinity
Define biotic and give examples.
Biotic is living components of an ecosystem. EX: Competition, parasitism, and predation.
Define Population
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area and interacting with one another.
What are the three types of patterns of population dispersion? Describe each and why they would happen.
Clumped: Individuals are grouped together in specific areas, often around resources like food or water. This pattern occurs because resources are unevenly distributed or social behaviors cause individuals to gather in groups.
Uniform: Individuals are evenly spaced out, usually due to competition for limited resources. This pattern happens when organisms actively defend territories or resources, ensuring a relatively equal distribution.
Random: Individuals are dispersed unpredictably with no clear pattern. This happens when resources are plentiful and evenly distributed, and there is little interaction between individuals affecting their placement.
What is the difference between potential and actual species’ transplant ranges?
Potential is everywhere they could live in theory. Actual is where they actually do live
Which two terrestrial ecosystems make up most of the United States?
Temperate Grassland and Temperate Forest
What is the difference between semelparity and iteroparity? Give an example of a species for both.
Semelparity is one giant reproductive event (Once in a species lifetime), commonly seen in salmon.
Iteroparity is a repeated reproduction, almost always seen in humans (multiple times in a lifetime)
Ture or False: Microclimate is a large scale measure of climate
False. Microclimate refers to the small-scale climate conditions in a specific area, such as a forest floor or a city street, rather than large-scale climate patterns.
What is a species transplant?
Accidental or intended movement of specie to a new area
True or false Evolution favors traits which increase survival and reproduction
True
T/F : The aphotic zone is where ocean plants live.
False, the aphotic zone is where there is no sunlight and plants cannot survive.
What are the 4 main climate factors?
Temperature, Precipitation, Sunlight, Wind
What influences Density?
Births, Deaths, Immigration, Emigration
What is the difference between photic and aphotic zones?
Photic: Top part of a body of water, most living things are inside of this zone.
Aphotic: Under the photic zone, low percentile of living things inside of this zone.
Explain the difference between r-selected and k-selected and give an example of each.
R-selected= when an organism has a high birth rate per pregnancy, but low parental care; insects
K-selected= when an organism has a low birth rate per pregnancy, but high parental care; humans
Which of the things listed would be an abiotic factor?
Sunlight
Parasitism
Predation
Competition
Sunlight
What are the 6 levels of Ecology and a description?
Organismal- A single Organism
Population- A group of an organism
Community- A population of populations
Ecosystem- Living and nonliving things
Landscape- A network of multiple ecosystems
Global- The entire globe
What are demographics?
The statistical data and characteristics of a population, such as age, sex, birth and death rates, and how these factors change over time. Usually via a life table
What is the difference between immigration and emigration? How they affect the populations in an area?
Immigration is individuals moving into your location. This causes your population to increase.
Emigration is individuals moving out of your location. This causes your population to decrease.
Describe ecology.
Ecology is the study of organisms and the environment around them.
True or False: Ecology is the interaction between Organisms and their environment.
True
Explain the difference between Island-Mainland Meta-populations and Source-link Meta-populations.
Island-Mainland Meta-populations is where the mainland has a larger area than its surrounding islands, and it also provides resources for the organisms on the islands around it. Whereas a Source-Link Meta-population has the same dynamic (with the source land providing resources for the others around it) however in this case, the source land is not necessarily larger than the other lands, it is just simply higher in quality and contains more abundant resources.
T/F : Salinity is an Abiotic Factor?
True
Explain how predation can cause major fluctuations in prey and predator populations and why they might continue to fluctuate over time.
Predation can cause changes in population because if the predators eat all the prey, the prey populations might be down which then makes it hard to keep the high number of predators that exist fed. Considering that, the predators will die out slowly and the prey populations would make a comeback. This cycle repeats as predators would make another comeback as they have more food available for the smaller number of their population. These fluctuations can last for years at a time or slowly even out as time goes on.
