Test 1 Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

What is the major function of the Application layer?

A

Facilitates user interaction with the network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the major function of the Transport layer?

A

Provides end-to-end communication services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the major function of the Internet layer?

A

Handles routing of packets across networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the major function of the Network access layer?

A

Controls how data is physically sent over the network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the major function of the Physical layer?

A

Transmits raw bitstreams over a physical medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a protocol?

A

A set of rules governing communication between devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a protocol data unit (PDU)?

A

The specific format of data at each layer of the network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is TCP/IP?

A

A suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some advantages to layering as seen in the TCP/IP architecture?

A
  • Simplifies network design
  • Facilitates interoperability
  • Allows for modular engineering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Does all traffic running on the Internet use TCP?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Compare the address space between IPv4 and IPv6. How many bits are used in each?

A

IPv4 uses 32 bits, IPv6 uses 128 bits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Differentiate between guided media and unguided media.

A

Guided media uses physical paths for signal transmission, unguided media uses air or vacuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Differentiate between an analog and a digital electromagnetic signal.

A

Analog signals are continuous, digital signals are discrete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are three important characteristics of a periodic signal?

A
  • Amplitude
  • Frequency
  • Phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many radians are there in a complete circle of 360 degrees?

A

2π radians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of a sine wave?

A

They are inversely related

17
Q

Define fundamental frequency.

A

The lowest frequency of a periodic waveform

18
Q

What is the relationship between a signal’s spectrum and its bandwidth?

A

Bandwidth is the range of frequencies in the spectrum of the signal
Direct

19
Q

What is attenuation?

A

The reduction in signal strength during transmission

20
Q

Define channel capacity.

A

The maximum data rate that can be transmitted over a channel

21
Q

What key factors affect channel capacity?

A
  • Bandwidth
  • Signal-to-noise ratio
  • Encoding method
22
Q

List and briefly define important factors that can be used in evaluating or comparing the various digital-to-digital encoding techniques.

A
  • Efficiency: How well it uses bandwidth
  • Error resilience: Ability to recover from errors
  • Complexity: Difficulty of implementation
23
Q

What is differential encoding?

A

A method of encoding where the signal represents changes between states rather than absolute values

24
Q

Explain the difference between NRZ-L and NRZI.

A
  • NRZ-L: Signal level represents the bit value
  • NRZI: Signal change represents the bit value
25
Describe two multilevel binary digital-to-digital encoding techniques.
* Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) * Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
26
Define biphase encoding and describe two biphase encoding techniques.
* Biphase encoding: A method where each bit period is divided into two levels * Manchester and Differential Manchester
27
Explain the function of scrambling in the context of digital-to-digital encoding techniques.
To prevent long sequences of zeros or ones, improving synchronization
28
What function does a modem perform?
Modulates and demodulates signals for data transmission over telephone lines
29
How are binary values represented in amplitude shift keying, and what is the limitation of this approach?
Binary values are represented by different amplitudes; limitation is susceptibility to noise
30
What is the difference between QPSK and offset QPSK?
* QPSK: Transmits two bits per symbol * Offset QPSK: Introduces a phase shift to reduce signal distortion
31
What is QAM?
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, a technique that combines amplitude and phase modulation
32
What does the sampling theorem tell us concerning the rate of sampling required for an analog signal?
The sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency of the signal