Test 1 Flashcards
(52 cards)
The sum of the processes in an animal by which food substances are consumed, metabolized and waste products are eliminated.
Nutrition
Any material that aids in the support of life in a normal healthy animal.
Nutrient
Any product, whether of natural or synthetic origin, that when properly used in the diet has nutritional value.
a. Natural -corn, wheat, alfalfa, soybeans, potatoes
b. Natural, processed- soybean meal, wheat germ meal, alfalfa leaf meal, distillers dried solubles
c. Synthetic -a pure nutrient such as vitamin E
Feed or Feedstuff
Protein, carbs, water, lipids, vitamins, minerals, (energy)
Nutrient Classes
A combination of feedstuffs.
Diet
Amount of feed consumed by (or provided to) an animal in a 24 hr period.
Ration
A feed or feed mixture used with another feed or feed mixture to improve the nutritional balance of a diet.
Can be: fed undiluted, fed free choice, or mixed with the diet.
Supplement
A feedstuff which supplies nutrients high in energy and contains < 18% fiber as crude fiber
Concentrate
A feedstuff containing > 18% fiber as crude fiber
Roughage
The physical & chemical reactions feedstuffs undergo from intake to absorption from the gut.
Digestion
Movement of nutrients from GI tract through gut wall into the lymph system, blood stream, and cells.
Absorption
Movement of nutrients from absorption site to cells of the body
Distribution
The chemical processes that nutrients undergo after absorption
Metabolism
Any constructive process by which simple
substances are converted into more complex
substances
Anabolism
Any destructive process by which complex
substances are converted into more simple
compounds
Catabolism
Biocatalysts, secreted by living cells, which activate and/or accelerate chemical reactions;
Enzymes
activate the enzymes
Cofactors
which function in conjunction with the enzymes; these are not a permanent part of the enzyme; they often act as intermediate carriers of electrons or as functional groups for transport of chemical moieties
Coenzymes
Chemical agents synthesized by particular parts of the body which are then carried by the blood to other parts of the body where they elicit a physiological response by action on specific tissues or organs
Hormones
main constituent of plants
CHO
as plant matures protein moves to…
the seeds
the plant leaves have higher protein than the…
stems
Low digestibility due to high fiber content (cellulose, lignin), e.g. hay, straw, silage
Roughages
Low crude fiber and high starch, e.g. corn, milo, wheat
Concentrates
