Test 1

Question 1

Takes the form of test pits or trenches placed across a site to expose the stratigraphy and artifact contents of a site; can identify stratified layers of soil

Answer 1

Vertical excavation

Question 2

What does stratigraphy tell us?

Answer 2

How the site was formed and how materials accumulated

Question 3

Expose large areas of the ground; recover information about site arrangement and structure

Answer 3

Horizontal excavation

Question 4

Dating based on relations between materials; sequencing things

Answer 4

Relative dating

Question 5

Method of assigning archaeological dates in calendar years so that an age in actual number of years is known or can be estimated

Answer 5

Absolute dating

Question 6

Using tree rings to find out the date when the tree was alive

Answer 6

Dendrochronology

Question 7

Finding carbon 14 and potassium argon to date things

Answer 7

Radioactive isotopes

Question 8

Tracks magnetism in materials for magnetic orientation of the planet

Answer 8

Paleomagnetic

Question 9

Deal with the period of humans on the planet

Answer 9

Archaeological chronology (-lithic periods)

Question 10

Deal with the entire history of earth and distinguish a series of eras and epochs

Answer 10

Geological chronology (-cene periods)

Question 11

What is the evidence for bipedalism?

Answer 11

Upright posture, s-curve, lack of opposable toe, special legs

Question 12

Where did Australopithecus Afarensis originate from?

Answer 12

East Africa, Laetoli, Hadar

Question 13

Fully bipedal, ape/human like, long arms and curved fingers, still adapted for climbing, most famous specimen was Lucy

Answer 13

Australopithecus Afarensis

Question 14

How long did Australopithecus Afarensis last?

Answer 14

Pliocene, 4.2-2.8 may

Question 15

Why is Laetoli important?

Answer 15

Proves that A. Afarensis was fully bipedal, had preserved footprints in volcanic ash

Question 16

How long did Homo Habilis last?

Answer 16

Pleistocene, 2.5-1.6 mya

Question 17

What is significant about the lower paleolithic?

Answer 17

First stone tool traditions, evidence for control of fire, cold weather adaptations

Question 18

What tool traditions are associated with the Lower Paleolithic?

Answer 18

Oldowan, Archeulean

Question 19

Oldest direct ancestor, flatter face and larger brain, known for the first stone tool adaptation(Oldowan), first genus of Homo

Answer 19

Homo habilis

Question 20

Very crude flake and core technology

Answer 20

Oldowan

Question 21

Used the Archeulean tool tradition, modern looking below the neck, potential for first controlled use of fire, widespread species

Answer 21

Homo Erectus

Question 22

Generally a flake and core tradition, use of bone and antler, known for handaxes

Answer 22

Archeulean tool tradition

Question 23

Where was Homo erectus found?

Answer 23

Asia, Africa (widespread)

Question 24

What is significant about the Middle Paleolithic?

Answer 24

Mousterian tool tradition, first intentional burials, last time more than 1 species of hominid lived at the same time

Question 25

What tool tradition is associated with the Middle Paleolithic?

Answer 25

Mousterian

Question 26

When was Homo neandertalensis discovered?

Answer 26

Middle Paleolithic

Question 27

Where was Homo neandertalensis?

Answer 27

All over

Question 28

Large brained human, short and stocky, occipital bun, brow ridges, robust

Answer 28

Homo neandethalensis

Question 29

What kind of culture did neanderthals have?

Answer 29

Mousterian tool tradition, intentional burials, hunting, lived in caves

Question 30

When did Homo sapiens appear?

Answer 30

Upper Paleolithic

Question 31

Cave site in Iraq that had evidence of intentional burials

Answer 31

Shanidar Cave

Question 32

Gracile structure, no occipital bun, less defined brow ridge, large brained

Answer 32

Homo sapien

Question 33

Where were homo sapiens located?

Answer 33

Africa

Question 34

What is the culture of Homo sapiens?

Answer 34

Advanced art and tools, migrated with animals, first domestication

Question 35

Last multiple hominins, first intentional burials, arts, dogs domesticated

Answer 35

Paleolithic

Question 36

Shift to sedentism, marine resources, use/reliance on nuts and wild grains, intentional changes to landscape

Answer 36

Mesolithic

Question 37

Agriculture, widespread sedentism, hierarchy

Answer 37

Neolithic

Question 38

What was the significance of Vedbaek?

Answer 38

Evidence of use of marine resources, large burial

Question 39

What 2 periods had a sedentary lifestyle?

Answer 39

Mesolithic and Neolithic

Question 40

What period had a mobility lifestyle?

Answer 40

Paleolithic

Question 41

Why did agriculture begin?

Answer 41

Have a surplus of food, more resources for food

Question 42

What affects did agriculture have on culture?

Answer 42

Stratification levels, change in diet, disease, humans lived close to animals, rapid population growth

Question 43

What was significant about Monte Verde?

Answer 43

Best example of human occupation, wooden artifacts, old tools, early inhabitants of the New World

Question 44

What was the significance of Catallhoyuk?

Answer 44

Massive mound of houses, garbage, and burials, large number of structures, obsidian trade

Question 45

The best examples of human occupation prior to 10,000 B.C. in North America are usually attributed to which area?

Answer 45

South America

Question 46

Which of the following tools have been discovered at the Lindenmeier site? (check all that apply)

Answer 46

bone beads, bone needles

Question 47

How did ancestors of modern Inuit (Eskimo) populations first arrive in the arctic regions of North America?

Answer 47

Boating across the Bering strait

Question 48

During the last glacial maximun, around 18,000 years ago, what were the sea levels like compared to today?

Answer 48

400 ft lower

Question 49

The Black Earth site at Carrier Mills have revealed what?

Answer 49

Uninterrupted occupation for a long time