Midterm

Question 1

Process of hierarchical ranking in society

Answer 1

Stratification

Question 2

Group consensus, community comes together to discuss/argue over decisions until everyone is on board, no one has the right to decide for others

Answer 2

Egalitarian

Question 3

Has a leader, decides for others, classes

Answer 3

Hierarchial

Question 4

What 3 things determine status?

Answer 4

kinship, rank, class

Question 5

Generally hunting and gathering subsistence, roles in society determined by gender and age

Answer 5

Bands

Question 6

Social measures in place to maintain equality among the community

Answer 6

Social leveling

Question 7

Generally egalitarian with a leader, kinship no longer the only social bond

Answer 7

Tribes

Question 8

Headman is a charismatic leader, role is to keep the community running through personality

Answer 8

Big Man Society

Question 9

One recognized leader of community or group of communities

Answer 9

Chiefdom

Question 10

Centralized rulership with coercive power/ force over an area

Answer 10

State

Question 11

What are the major waterways in Mesopotamia?

Answer 11

Euphrates and Tigris

Question 12

A site where we could see the evolution of temples

Answer 12

Eridu (site)

Question 13

Earliest state society, importance of trade networks for wealth of the city, had the Anu Ziggurat

Answer 13

Uruk (site)

Question 14

Largest city in the world from 2030-1980 BC, founded in the Ubaid period

Answer 14

Ur (site)

Question 15

What was important during the Ubaid period?

Answer 15

Agriculturally dependent, temples appear, canal irrigation

Question 16

What was important during the Uruk period?

Answer 16

Origins of states and urban cities, fortification, mass production of goods

Question 17

What was important during the Early Dynastic period?

Answer 17

Passing of power to the next generation, metal tools, increased warfare, writing traces kings and dynasties

Question 18

What was important during the Akkadian Period?

Answer 18

Unification of the four regions, change from Sumerian language to Kish

Question 19

What was important during Ur III?

Answer 19

Early starts of an empire, revival of Sumerian culture

Question 20

What was important during the Babylonian?

Answer 20

Hammurabi rule, founded during the reign of king Sargon

Question 21

Why was the Nile important to Egyptians?

Answer 21

Provided a food source, transportation, flooding left fertile deposits

Question 22

Why was agriculture slow in Egyptian civlization?

Answer 22

Natural environment was rich in resources

Question 23

What was important during the Predynastic period? (Egypt)

Answer 23

Upper and Lower Egypt were separate, Neolithic occupation

Question 24

What did the pharaoh do?

Answer 24

Ruled over Egypt, gave people land to rule

Question 25

Dynastic rule follows unification, pyramids appear as tombs for kings, social stratification

Answer 25

Old Kingdom

Question 26

What was important during the First Intermediate?

Answer 26

Collapse of central government, severe drought, regional governors establish power and rule among regions, end of pyramids

Question 27

Built as monumental tombs for kings, designed to connect the spirits of the king to the heavens and the suns

Answer 27

Great Pyramids of Giza

Question 28

What happened during the Middle Kingdom?

Answer 28

Period of calm after civil unrest, less reliance on the lower class, extension of trade routes, unification

Question 29

What happened during the Second Intermediate?

Answer 29

Intrusion of the Hyskos, push Hyskos out of power

Question 30

What happened during the New Kingdom?

Answer 30

Period of pharaohs with extensive power, Egypt begins empiric expansion and consolidation, period of prosperity and growth

Question 31

Principal burial ground of New Kingdom nobility/ royalty, Mostly looted

Answer 31

Valley of the Kings

Question 32

What happened during the Third Intermediate?

Answer 32

Theban rule falls, Egyptian civilization never returns to what it was, fracturing kingship

Question 33

Technologically and architecturally complex stone construction, didn't believe that it was built by the indigenous people, place where trade was popular

Answer 33

Great Zimbabwe

Question 34

What are the major waterways in Mesopotamia?

Answer 34

Tigris and Euphrates

Question 35

Why is Mesopotamia the cradle of civilization?

Answer 35

Provided rich soil for agriculture

Question 36

What were the early forms of Mesopotamian religion and rule?

Answer 36

Went from bigman to state