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Acute > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Hamstring stretch

A

hip flexion with knee extension

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2
Q

Gluteus maximus stretch

A

hip flexion with knee flexion

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3
Q

Iliopsoas stretch

A

hip extension with knee extension

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4
Q

Rectus femoris

A

hip extension with knee flexion

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5
Q

Adductor stretch

A

hip abduction; hip flexion with knee extension

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6
Q

External hip rotators

A

hip extension and knee flexion

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7
Q

Internal hip rotators

A

hip extension and knee flexion

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8
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

knee extension

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9
Q

Triceps stretch

A

elbow flexion shoulder flexion

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10
Q

Soleus

A

dorisflex

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11
Q

Therapeutic exercise program should be..

A

individualized

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12
Q

Safety is a fundamental consideration

A
  • safety of the patient

- safety of the therapist

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13
Q

Factors influencing patient safety during exercise:

A
  • health history
  • current health status
  • tolerance to physical exertion
  • medications
  • environments
  • accuracy in which the exercises are performed
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14
Q

What are the three types of motor tasks?

A
  • discrete
  • serial
  • continuous
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15
Q

Discrete

A 
has a recognizable being and end
quad set
push up
kicking a ball
locking a wheelchair
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16
Q

Serial

A

Made up of a series of discrete movements combined in a particular sequence
eating with a fork
wheelchair transfer
getting dressed

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17
Q

Continuous

A

Repetitive, uninterrupted movements that have no distinct beginning or ending
walking
ascending or descending stair
cycling

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18
Q

What are the stages of motor learning?

A

cognitive
associative
autonomous

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19
Q

What is the cognitive stage?

A

figuring out what to do
learning the goal or purpose & the requirements of the exercise or functional task
learning how to do the motor task safely & correctly
frequent feedback is needed
skilled therapy needed at this level

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20
Q

What is the associative stage?

A

Patient concentrates on fine-tuning the motor task
Typically makes infrequent errors
Focused on consistency and efficiency
Time and distances moved are refined
Slight variations and modification s are explored
Patient begins to use problem solving to correct errors
Infrequent feedback is required
trying to move patient to independent, but therapist is still there as safety blanket

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21
Q

What is the autonomous stage?

A

Movements are automatic
Patient does not have to pay attention to the movements of the task
Patient is able to perform tasks simultaneously
Easily adapts to variations in task demands
Little to no instruction needed

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22
Q

What variables affect motor learning?

A

Patient’s understanding of the purpose of the exercise
Patient’s interest in the exercise
Patient’s attention to the task at hand
Patient’s attention during the pre-practice verbal instructions
Patient’s observation of the task being performed by the therapist correctly
Type and timing of feedback

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23
Q

What is PROM?

A

movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an external force
truly passive and relaxed ROM

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24
Q

What is AROM

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A

movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced by active contraction of the muscles crossing the joint

25
What is AAROM?
Type of AROM in which assistance is provided manually or mechanically by an outside force because the prime mover muscles need assistance to complete the motion
26
What is an indication of PROM?
1. In areas of acute, inflamed tissue 2. Following a surgical repair of muscular or tissue 3. Patients who are comatose, paralyzed or on complete bedrest 4. When a therapist is examining, teaching or demonstrating
27
What is an indication of AAROM?
1. When a patient has weak musculature and is unable to move the joint through the desired ROM 2. Used in areas above and below an immobilized region to maintain ROM in the other joints
28
What is AROM?
1. Any time the patient is able to contract muscles to actively move a segment through the desired ROM
29
Limitations for PROM?
1. Prevent muscle atrophy 2. Increase strength or endurance 3. Assist circulation to the same degree active, voluntary muscle contractions do
30
Limitations for AROM?
1. Maintain or increase strength in strong muscles | 2. Develop skill or coordination except in the movement patterns used
31
What is a contraindication to ROM
When motion is disruptive to the healing process Immediately after acute tears, fractures, and surgery When patient response or condition is life-threating
32
When is stretching indicated?
1. When limited ROM as a result of contractures, adhesions, and scar tissue formation, leading to shortening of muscles, connective tissues and skin 2. When structural deformities that are otherwise preventable may result from limitations in ROM 3. When contractures interfere with functional activities or care 4. When muscle weakness results from opposing muscle tightness 5. As part of a total fitness program designed to prevent musculoskeletal injuries 6. Prior to and after vigorous exercise to minimize post-exercise muscle soreness
33
What are the goals of stretching?
Re-establish or regain normal ROM of joints and mobility of soft tissues that surround a joint Prevent irreversible contractures Increase flexibility in conjunction with strengthening exercises Prevent or minimize the risk of musculo-tendinous injuries related to physical activities and sports
34
What is a contraindication for stretching?
When a bony block limits joint motion After a recent fracture Evidence of an acute inflammatory process When there is sharp, acute pain with joint movement or muscle elongation When a hematoma or other indication of tissue trauma is observed When hypermobility already exists When contractures are providing increased joint stability When contractures are the basis for increased functional abilities
35
What is a precaution for stretching?
Do not passively force a joint beyond its normal range of motion Recent fractures Extra caution with patients with known or suspected osteoporosis due to disease, prolonged bed rest, age, and prolonged use of corticosteroids Avoid vigorous stretching with tissues that have been immobilized over a long period of time Joint pain or muscle soreness lasting more than 24 hours after stretching indicates too much force during stretching Avoid stretching edematous tissue Avoid overstretching weak muscles
36
What are the essential elements of a stretching program?
``` Alignment and stabilization Intensity of stretch Duration of stretch Speed of stretch Frequency of stretch Mode of stretch ```
37
What kind of stretch results in optimal rates of improved ROM
low load, low intensity
38
How long is the inflammatory phase for a bone?
1-7 days
39
When is soft callus formation?
2-3 weeks
40
When is hard callus formation?
3-4 months
41
Bone remodeling
up to one year s/p injury or surgery
42
What are the degrees of protection of healing tissue?
maximum (few days to 6 weeks) moderate (usually 4-6 weeks s/p) minimum (usually 6-12 weeks s/p)
43
How long is the acute stage?
4-6 days
44
How long is the subacute stage?
14-21 days up to 6 weeks
45
How long is the chronic stage?
6 weeks -one year
46
Energy system: ATP-PC
fuel source: PC energy duration: short, quick burst (first 30 seconds of exercise) anaerobic ATP-PC replenished in muscle cell with rest
47
Energy system:anaerobic glycolytic
fuel source: glycogen energy duration: moderate intensity (30 to 90 seconds of exercise) anaerobic ATP resynthesized in the cell; latic acid is produced
48
Energy system: aerobic
``` fuel source: glycogen long duration aerobic used after the second minute of exercise ATP is resynthesized in the mitochondria of the muscle cell ```
49
The Four Ps
Principles Purpose Preparation Precautions
50
Karvonen's Formua
HR = Hrrest + 60-70% (HRmax-HRrest)
51
Inpatient (phase I)
Self care, education, orthostatic challenge (transfers, ambulation)
52
Outpatient (phase II)
Starts upon d/c from hospital OR 6-8 weeks post cardiac event Undergo symptom limited exercise stress test Circuit-Interval Training is common; monitored with telemetry
53
Outpatient (phase III)
Continue to improve or maintain fitness levels
54
What are the goals and indications of resistance exercise?
increased strength increased power increased muscle endurance
55
Precautions for resistance exercise
``` Valsalva maneuver Fatigue Recovery from exercise Overwork/overtraining Substitute motions Osteoporosis Exercise induced muscle soreness ```
56
Contraindications for resistance exercise
pain, inflammation, severe cardipulmonary diseases
57
Programs to increase muscle strength and hypertrophy should include:
``` Both multiple and single joint exercises Slow to moderate lifting velocity 1 to 3 sets per exercise 60-80% of 1 RM for 8-12 repetitions 1-2 minutes of rest between sets ```
58
Programs to increase muscular strength should include:
``` Both multiple and single joint exercises High Repetition Velocity 1 to 3 sets per exercise Light to moderate loading (40-60% of 1 RM) for 6-10 repetitions 1-2 minutes of rest between sets ```
59
Programs to increase muscular endurance should include:
Low to moderate loads Moderate to high repetitions (10-15 or more) Short rest intervals

Acute (16 decks)

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