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Pediatrics > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Role of the nurse

A

Welfare of child and family
Must have well defined boundaries
Advocate for the pt

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2
Q

Disease prevention

A

Education is critical

Emotional support

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3
Q

A traumatic care

A

Eliminates distress

Do no harm

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4
Q

Do no harm

A

Prevent separation from family
Promote sense of control
Minimize pain or injury

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5
Q

Pediatric nursing

A

Family centered care-form partnership with parents
Empower the parents
Enable families to meet child’s needs

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6
Q

Ethical decision making

A

Right to self-governance
Minimize harm
Promote well being
Fairness

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7
Q

Critical reasoning

A

Based a scientific inquiry

Use evidence based practice

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8
Q

Nursing process

A 
Assessment-adapted for the child
Diagnosis
Planning-individualized
Implement-document
Evaluation
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9
Q

Growth and development

A 
Head to tail
Midline to peripheral
Simple tasks than more complicated
Every child grows at their own pace
Predictable sequence
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10
Q

Temperature

A

More suceptible to temp fluctuations

Infants more likely to become overheated

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11
Q

Language development

A

Environment must provide the means to learn
Rate varies
Understand before they can speak

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12
Q

Body image

A

Subjective attitude towards ones own body

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13
Q

Role of play

A

How children learn

Content varies

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14
Q

Denver 2 screening tool

A

Bar graph
See if child is on track
1 delay or 2 cautions suspect delay

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15
Q

Interviewing

A

Establish a setting
Get acquainted
Privacy and confidentiality

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16
Q

Talking to parents

A 
Encourage
Listen
Use silence
Be empathetic 
Interpreter if needed
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17
Q

Talking with children

A

Don’t exclude

Allow them to warm up

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18
Q

Nonverbal techniques

A

Journaling
Drawing
Magic to establish rapport
Play

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19
Q

Health history

A

Who is being seen
Chief complaint
Present illness
Analyze symptoms

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20
Q

Nutritional assessment

A

Dietary intake
Examination
Evaluation of nutritional status

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21
Q

Examining a child

A

Head to toe assesment
Minimize anxiety
Foster trust
Height and weight

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22
Q

Pain assessment

A

Depends on age

Faces, numerical, FLACC scale

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23
Q

Nursing interventions for stress

A 
Keep routines
Minimize loss of control
Appropriate activities
Support family members
Provide information
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24
Q

Informed consent

A

Over 18
Must receive needed info
Parent must give consent

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25
Procedure prep
Psychological preparation Performance Post procedural support Use play
26
Pre operative care
NPO | Address anxiety
27
Postoperative care
Assess pain Vitals Full assessment
28
Medication administration
Check dose Identify child Involve family
29
Fluid balance
Measure I and O | 1 gram wet diaper = 1 ml fluid
30
Toddler fine and gross motor
Locomotion and increased dexterity
31
Toddler psychosocial
Autonomy vs shame and doubt Negativism Ritualism
32
Toddler cognitive developement
Preoperational phase | Think based on their perception
33
Toddler social development
Increased language comprehension Increased independence Parallel play
34
Preschool fine and gross motor
Walk, run, jump, climb | More skilled in dressing and drawing
35
Preschool psychosocial
Initiative vs guilt | Energetic learning
36
Preschool cognitive
Preoperational phase | Consider other viewpoints
37
Preschool social development
Language more sophisticated More independent Group play Imaginative
38
School age children body growth
Head slow, leg increased | Systems mature
39
School age psychosocial
Industry vs inferiority | Stage of accomplishment
40
School age cognitive
Concrete operations Judge based on what they see Use time, space, math but only in those setting
41
School age moral development
Judge act by intentions | Relationships important
42
Teenagers
Hit puberty Sexual maturation Growth spurt
43
Teenagers psychosocial
Identity vs role confusion | Trying to figure out who they are
44
Teen cognitive
Formal operational Abstract thinking Do what is moral though it may benefit no one
45
Teen social
Parents mutual affection and equality Friends become more important Sexuality
46
Teen body image
Compare themselves to others | Lasts into adulthood
47
Immunizations
Hep b at birth Many on 2,4,6, 12 months Booster at 4-5 before school
48
Injuries in children
Leading cause of death in children over 1 | MVA kill many infants
49
Injury prevention
Child is clumsy | Stress, siblings and education may impact
50
Infectious disorders
``` Chickenpox Diphtheria Measles Mumps Pertussis Rubella Scarlet fever ```
51
Conjunctivitis
Three types | Foreign body
52
Stomatitis
Analgesic Anti-inflammatory Swishes common
53
Lead poisoning
``` Causes anemia Distractable, impulsive, hyperactive Encephalopathy, mental retardation Screened and 1 and 2 yrs Agent that binds with lead and excrete through urine Push fluids and monitor output ```
54
Lead poisoning nutrition
Calcium vitamin C-OJ, strawberries, potato, Iron- PB, lentils, meat, raisins
55
Nutrition
Breast milk first year | Cereal-4-6mo
56
Dehydration
``` Output greater than input Decreased skin turgor Sunken fontanel Increased pulse and resp Lethargic Weight best indication of degree Assess cause Replace fluids ```
57
Diarrhea
Symptom from digestive, absorptive and secretory functions
58
Causes of diarrhea
Viral-rotavirus Norwalk- norovirus Bacterial
59
Diarrhea
Dehydration Acidosis Shock Treated with oral fluids
60
Hirschsprungs disases
Absence of ganglion cells in the colon Usually need surgery Ostomy and corrective surgery
61
Diphtheria
Sore throat Fever Weakness Swollen glands in neck
62
Measles
``` Rash Fever Cough Runny nose Pink eye ```
63
Mumps
Swollen salivary glands Fever Headache Muscle pain
64
When not to give vaccine
Reaction | Moderate to sever illness
65
Isotonic dehdyration
Most common Water and salt in equal amounts Watch for hypovolemic shock
66
Hypotonic dehydration
More severe symptoms | Fluid shifts into cells
67
0-5% weight loss
Alert, restless, thirsty
68
5-9%
``` Restless or lethargic Rapid pulse Poor skin turgor Dry membranes Dark urine ```
69
10%
``` Lethargic to comatose Apprehensive Low BP Rapid, weak pulse No urine output ```
70
Constipation
Do not poop often
71
Diet for constipation
Cereal,veggies, fruit(infants) | Increased fiber and fluids(kids)
72
Hirschsprung's disease
Ananglionic megacolon | Surgery and temp colostomy
73
Vomitting
``` Kids vomit easily Can cause aspiration Treated at home Give anti-emetics Treat cause Watch I and O ```
74
GERD
Gastric content into esophagus Apnea, spitting up, resp. Problems May cause tissue damage
75
Treatment of GERD
Small frequent thickened feeds Frequent burping Antacids Nissan fundoplication
76
Biliary atresia
Progressive inflammatory process that causes bile duct fibrosis which obstructs bile duct flow
77
Cleft lip
Failure of the nasal processes to fuse
78
Cleft palate
Midline fissure of the palate from failure of the two sides to fuse
79
Treatment of cleft lip and palate
Provide support Promote optimal nutrition Prepare for surgery Do not place anything in mouth after surgery(arm restraints)
80
Esophageal atresia with tracheoesphageal fistula
Rare malformation from failed separation of the esophagus and trachea Needs immediate treatment
81
Symptoms of esophageal atresia
``` Excessive drooling Coughing Choking Cyanosis Apnea Resp. Distress after eating Abdominal distention ```
82
Pyloric stenosis
Obstruction of the pyloric sphincter Projectile vomiting Weight loss, fluid and electrolyte problems Surgery successful
83
Intussusception
Portion of intestine into another Cramps abdominal pain, crying, knees to chest Enema to treat Surgery
84
Celiac disease
Abnormal mucosa in small intestine and intolerance to gluten
85
infant sleep
17-14 hrs
86
Toddler sleep
14-12 hrs
87
Preschool sleep
11-12 hours
88
School age sleep
11 hours
89
Teens sleep
About 8 hrs

Pediatrics (7 decks)

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