Test 3 Neuro Flashcards
(38 cards)
Cerebral structure and function
Rapid head growth
Development of nerve tracts within the brain
Infants skull not rigid
Fontanels
Fontanels
Anterior-9-18 months Posterior- by 2 months Feel flat and firm Sunken with severe dehydration Will bulge with increase ICP
Cerebral function
Fine motor function ANS intact but immature Infants behavior reflexive Peripheral neurons not myelinated Small tremors
CNS
Two hemispheres, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord
ANS
Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
Automatic control of vital functions
Care of the unconscious child
Respiratory managment Intracranial pressure monitoring Nutrition and hydration Meds Thermoregulation Elimination Hygiene
Evaluation of unconscious child
Neuro, vitals, and behavior Monitor response to care Measure I and O Monitor airway, renal, GI and skin Support family
Head trauma
Falls, accidents, sports
Symptoms depend of force
Concussion symptoms
Dazed or stunned, clumsy, answers slowly
Headache, N, balance problems, confusion, double vision
Complication of head trauma
Epidural hemorrhage
Subdural hemorrhage
Cerebral edema
Evaluation of head injury
ABC and LOC
CT or MRI
Submersion injury
Hypoxia, aspiration and hypothermia
Prevent
Treatment depends on prognosis
Brain tumors
Most common solid tumors that occur in children
Symptoms of brain tumor
Poor coordination Decreased school performance Increased ICP Muscle weakness Eye problem Head tilt
Treatment of brain tumor
Shrink with radiation
Then surgery to remove
Neuroblastomas
Highly malignant Firm, solid, non-tender mass Back and abdominal pain Often detected late Surgery, radiation and chemo
Bacterial meningitis
Infection of the CSF and inflammation of the meninges
Indirect contamination from the bloodstream from an infection
Causes of bacterial meningitis
Baby-Group B strep, E. coli
Kids-pneumoniea, meningococcal
Meningitis symptoms in babes
Poor feed
Irritable
Bulging fontanel
Symptoms of meningitis in infants
Fever
High pitched cry
Nuchal rigidity
Seizures with temp
Symptoms of meningitis in children
Fever Chills Headache V Kernigs sign Brudzinskis sign
Diagnosis of meningitis
Lumbar puncture Cloudy CSF Increased protien Decreased glucose Positive culture
Treatment of meningitis
IV antibiotics ASAP Resp/ droplet precautions Hydration Reduce ICP Control temp and seizures Low stim
SIADH
Decreased urine output
Diluted blood Na
