Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Forensic Science > TEST 1 > Flashcards

TEST 1 Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Article 1

A

Gives legislative powers to Congress of the US consisting of Senate and House of Rep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Article 2

A

Gives executive powers to president of US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Article 3

A

Gives judicial powers to supreme court of US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amendment I

A 
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of press
Right to assemble
Right to petition the gov
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Amendment II

A

Right of people to keep and bear arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Amendment III

A

No soldier shall, in times of peace, be quartered in a house without the owners consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amendment IV

A

Protection of persons, papers, houses and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures by the government
No warrant shall be issued but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and describing with particularity the places to be searched and persons or things to be seized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Amendment V

A

Right to DP
Right against double jeopardy
Right against self incrimination
No one shall be held to capital or infamous crimes without presentment or indictment of grand jury
Gov may not seize private property for public use without just compensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amendment VI

A 
Right to counsel
Right to speedy and public trial by jury
Right to confront witnesses
Right to have witnesses in your favor
Right to be informed of charges against you
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Amendment VII

A

Right to trial by jury in civil case where the value of the controversy exceeds $20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amendment VIII

A

Right against excessive bail
Right against excessive fines
Right against cruel and unusual punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amendment IX

A

Rights of the people are not limited to those specifically mentioned int he constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amendment X

A

Any right of the people not mentioned in the constitution becomes a matter for the states to decide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dr. Edmond Locard

A

When a person comes into contact with an object or another person, a cross transfer of physical evidence can occur
Intensity, duration, and nature of the contact determines the extent of the transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of Evid

A

Direct and circumstantial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Direct Evid

A

Includes first hand accounts such as eyewitness accounts and video of the crime
Evidence that supports the alleged fact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Circumstantial evid

A

Indirect evid that can be used to imply a fact but does not actually prove it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 types of circumstantial evid

A

Class Evid- narrows the identity to a group of people

Individual Evid- narrows the identity to a specific person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Examples of trace evid

A 
Animal or human hair
Fiber
Chemicals
Bodily fluids
Soil or plant material
Fingerprints
Footprints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

7 S’s of CSI

A
  1. SECURING the crime scene
  2. SEPARATING the witnesses
  3. SCANNING the crime scene
  4. SEEING the crime scene
  5. SKETCHING the crime scene
  6. SEARCHING the crime scene for evid
  7. SECURING and collecting evid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Securing the crime scene

A

Duty of 1st responder
Protects and preserves the crime scene; prevents unwanted intrusion
Prevents movement of evid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Separating the witnesses

A

Prevents collusion

Prevents possible contamination of direct evid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Scanning the crime scene

A

Evaluate where pictures should be taken
Determine general borders of primary crime scenes
Evaluate for possible secondary crime scene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Seeing the crime scene

A

Pictures from all angles
Should include triangulation- mathematical method calculating the location of an object from the location of other objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sketching the crime scene
Should be to scale Note positions of remains Note other evid found at scene
26
Searching the crime scene for evid
search method should vary depending on the size of the crime scene Evid is photographed and labeled Technologies used: radar; sonar; thermal imaging; black lights; flashlights
27
Securing and collecting evid
``` Evid needs to be: packaged Sealed Catalogued Chain of custody ```
28
Establishing datum points
Datum point must be a fixed object (used to map a crime scene) Subdatum points are firmly placed Access inside the datum points is heavily restricted
29
Failure to properly process a crime scene
Can lead to complete failure and a murderer going free
30
History of hair analysis
``` Technique used since 19th cent Le poil de l'Homme et de Animaux- the hair of Men and Animals- 1910 study of microscope images of human and animal hair first known reference guide 1934- 1st comparison microscope use Chemical comparison DNA evid ```
31
What was the problem with hair analysis?
Microscope hair analysis could not specifically distinguish one individual to the exclusion of all others Statistical weight could not be given to comparisons to suggest a likelihood that the hair derived from a specific source Expert witnesses should not cite the number of hair analyses they had conducted in the labs to bolster the idea that thye could definitively state that a hair belonged to a specific individual
32
Objectives of hair analysis
Identify parts of hair Describe variations in structure of medulla, cortex, and cuticle Distinguish between human and nonhuman hair Determine if 2 hairs are likely from the same person Calculate the medullary index for hair Distinguish hairs from individuals
33
Hair shaft
Composed of Keratin which is produced in the skin; part of the hair above the follicle containing mitochondrial DNA
34
Medulla
Central core of the hair
35
Cortex
Region of hair located outside medulla that contains granules of pigment
36
Cuticles
Tough outer covering of a hair that is composed of overlapping scales
37
Hair follicle
actively growing base of hair containing DNA and living cells
38
Mitochondrial DNA
genetic material in the mitochondria of cytoplasm of a cell: only inherited from the mother
39
Cortex variations
In humans, the cortex is largest part of the hair shaft Contains most melanin granules (bits of pigment found in the cortex of the hair) Pigment varies from person to person Some people have large granules giving their hair a distinct look under the microscope
40
Types of Medulla
``` Hollow Absent Fragmented Segmental (interrupted) Solid None ```
41
Medullary Index
the ratio of the medulla to the diameter of the entire hair
42
Chemical testing
``` Shows info on: Water Food Toxins Drugs Human hair grows at approx 1.3 cm/month Toxins found at 9 cm contains materials ingested 7 months ago ```
43
In what ways can we differentiate hair?
``` Pigment Chemicals Medullary Index Medulla type Ethnicity ```
44
What type of evidence is hair?
CLASS EVID
45
Fibers are composed of
polymers- long repeating molecules
46
What type of evid are fibers?
CLASS EVID Direct transfer- transferred by victim to/from suspect Secondary Transfer- transferred from original source to the victim and then to the suspect (or suspect to victim)
47
Where can you look to find fibers?
``` Clothing Cars Rugs Blankets Screens Windows Wounds ```
48
How do you collect fiber evid?
``` Tape Forceps Vacuum Lint Roller Fiber is photographed and removed and individually bagged or boxed- so is the source Nothing gets packaged together Notes where each fiber came from ```
49
Evaluating fiber evid
Evaluate for type- what is composition (rare? at crime scene?) Evaluate for color- match at crime scene? type of dye? Determine number of fibers found- greater # could indicate greater level of violence Determine where fiber was found Textiles from which it originated- multiple transfers? (could suggest violence or prolonged contact) Note time between crime and collection of fiber
50
Natural fibers
Animal fibers used in clothing, carpets, drapes, bedding Hair- shed pet hair, hair used in textiles (cashmere, angora) Fur- used almost exclusively in gloves and coats Webbing- silk
51
Plant fibers
Come from seeds, fruits, stems, and leaves Typically short (2-5 cm) All share same polymer- cellulose which is easily distinguished from proteins
52
Seed fibers
cotton
53
Fruit fibers
coir
54
Stem fibers
Hemp
55
Leaf fibers
Manila
56
Mineral Fibers
fiberglass, Asbestos
57
Synthetic Fibers
Made from monomers
58
Regenerated Fibers
Derived from cellulose Rayon Celarese- cellulose combined with acetate
59
Synthetic Polymer Fibers
Originate from petroleum based products
60
What to look for with synthetic fibers
Unique dyes Unique monomers Unique chemical signatures
61
Forensic Botany
scientific study of plants or application of plant sciences to criminal investigations.
62
Assemblage
Group of plants in an area dominated by one species that share the same habitat requirements
63
Palynology
study of pollen and spores | Viewed under microscope the hard outer later of pollen grain or spore has a unique and complex structure
64
Pollen fingerprint
and type of pollen in particular area
65
Post-Mortem Interval (PMI)
Time elapsed between persons death and discovery of the body
66
Natalie Mirabel
Husband's vehicle undercarriage had pollen from plants that only grow at high elevations- where Natalie's body was found
67
Samantha Forbes
Single blade of Almond Bermuda grass found on suspect's socks (Not native to where she was) tied back to golf course where the body was found
68
Tibia on an oak seedling
Missing person- then found part of a body (missing a tibia)- search found a tibia on an oak seedling- found a timeline due to decomposition of the leaf that matched with the missing person's disappearance
69
Pond Attacks
2 boys tied up and beaten and thrown into pond- 1 escaped and rescued other- cops took their clothes for evidence- found algae on shoe of suspect that matched algae on clothes of boys
70
Settling
body buried for a while, turned up soil (to make the gravesite) eventually sinks in more than the surrounding undisturbed dirt
71
Finding Gravesites
Look for settling New assemblage Unique plants (soil is different with fertilizer and whatever was on the body)
72
What to note with forensic botany
Description of biological materials at crime scene Habitat Assessment Dominant plants in and around crime scene Grass variations Plants that seem unusual for the area Plants covering aspects of the crime scene (body, vehicle, objects) Plants under aspects of the crime scene
73
Pollenation Methods
Wind | Even better: animals and insects
74
Collection of pollens
Extreme care Sealed Pressed

Forensic Science (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions