Test 1 Flashcards by Kamryn Ordes

The standards for prehospital emergency care and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:

State office of EMS

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The continuous quality improvement process is designed to

Identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed

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To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should

Keep the weight as close to your body as possible

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Which proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weights up to ____ pounds

220

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When providing care to a patient, blood got into the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician several days later. What route of transmission does this scenario describe?

Indirect contact

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Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via

Animals or insects

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If a person is partially immune to a particular disease, he or she:

May develop illness from germs that lie dormant from the initial infection

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The general adaptation syndrome is characterized by which following phases?

Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery

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Physiologic manifestations of stress include:

Perspirations, increased blood glucose levels, and dilated pupils

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To minimize the risk of litigation the EMT should always

Provide competent care that meets current standards

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What type of consent is involved when a 39-yr-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital

Expressed

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What section of the health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPPA) most affects EMS personnel

Protecting patient privacy

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Ethnocentrism is defined as

Considering your own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture

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A 60 year old man complains of chest pain. He is conscious and alert and denies shortness of breath. Which question would be most appropriate to ask him?

Do you have any heart problems or take any medications?

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When you begin an oral report you should state

The patient’s age, sex and chief complaint

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Two way communication that requires the EMT to push to talk and release to listen describes what mode of communication?

Simplex

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The ________ plane separated the body into left and right halves

Midsagittal

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Which of the following is not a facial bone?

Mastoid
Maxilla
Mandible
Zygoma

Mastoid

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Name the areas of the spinal column in descending order

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

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What makes up the shoulder girdle?

Clavicle, scapula, humerus

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Which of the following structures does not contain smooth muscle?

Blood vessels
Urinary system
Skeletal system
Gastrointestinal tract

Skeletal system

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The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

9 and 18 months

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What regarding middle adults is correct?

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue, along with cancer

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With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:

The blood vessels become stiff

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Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:

Elasticity of the lungs decreases

According to the terminal drop hypothesis:

Mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death

The term pharmacology is most accurately defined as

The study of drugs and their actions on the body

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that

Blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

Sublingually

Aspirin is beneficial to patients of having a heart attack because it

Prevents the aggregation of platelets

The goal of the primary assessment is to

Identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions

What pupillary change would indicate depressed brain function?

Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light

Typical methods of assessing a patient's breathing do not include

Observing for nasal flaring during inhalation

What most accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?

Only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls

What regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following except: Alveoli Trachea Epiglottis Bronchioles

Epiglottis

Which of the following statements regarding positive pressure ventilation is correct

With positive pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing

How does positive pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?

It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems

It forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane

Shock is the result of:

Hypoperfusion to the cells of the body

One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is

Carbon dioxide

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during

Cardiogenic shock

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is most important to remember that

Blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock

When perfusion to the core of the body decreases

Blood is shunted away from the skin

BLS is defined as

Noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest

What statement regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) is most correct

Survival rates decrease by 7-10% for each minute V-fib persists

A 60 year old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:

Begin CPR until an AED is available

In two rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of:

30:2

Your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic 30 yr old man is met with resistance and you do not see the chest rise. Your second ventilation attempt is also unsuccessful. You should:

Perform 30 chest compressions

Which skin layer contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels and nerve endings?

Dermis

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space Spleen Kidneys Gallbladder Abdominal aorta

Kidneys

When performing a reassessment of your patient, you should first:

Repeat the primary assessment

A crackling sound is produced by air bubbles under the skin is called

Subcutaneous emphysema

You are performing mouth to mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?

55%

Capillary sphincters are:

Circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries

The ______ is both the mechanical weight bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle

Sacrum

Online medical control requires

Phone or radio contact with the medical director

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she:

Is excessively thirsty

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence

Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation

The _____ of the heart of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles

Apex

AAA is an abbreviation for

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

Obstructive

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the

Foramen magnum

The areas of the infants skull that have not yet fused together are called

Fontanelles

Large amounts of ATP are generated when:

The cells function with adequate oxygen

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is most directly related to

Shrinkage of the brain

Atherosclerosis is defined as

The blockage of a coronary artery

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, then you should suspect that

Minute volume is decreased

In preconventional reasoning, children

Act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want

Systolic pressure represents

Ventricular contraction

The central nervous system is composed of the

Brain and spinal cord

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma

Jaw thrust maneuver

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he for she

Has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:

Uric acid and nitrogen

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called

Ventilation

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone

Slow respirations

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called

Hypotension

Your patient has decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to

Shock

Which of the following is an example of a generic drug? Bayer Advil Excedrin Aspirin

Aspirin

CPR should be initiated when

A valid living will is unavailable