Test 1

Question 1

Biological organization order

Answer 1

Biosphere>ecosystem>community>population>organism>organ system>tissues>cells>organelles>molecules>atoms

Question 2

Biology definition

Answer 2

the scientific study and understanding of life

Question 3

Biologist definition

Answer 3

pose questions about the living world and seek science based answers “scientific inquiry”

Question 4

DNA/RNA structure

Answer 4

Nucleotide double helix: AGCT

Question 5

Gene expression

Answer 5

is the process of converting information from gene to protein which leads to a specific cellular product, thus a specific characteristic.

Question 6

Positive and negative feedback systems

Answer 6

Negative: more product=less production
Positive: more product=more production

Question 7

Taxonomy order

Answer 7

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

Question 8

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 8

small, no nucleus, DNA stored in nucleoid, no membrane bound organelles

Question 9

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 9

larger, DNA stored in nucleus, membrane bound organelles

Question 10

Explain Darwin’s observations and how it led to natural selection

Answer 10

Unity among diversity, descent with modification (common ancestor), population traits vary, more offspring produced than survive, only the ones with traits suited for environment survive

Question 11

Scientific method

Answer 11

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, data collection, conclusion, retest.
Dependent variable: what you are measuring
Independent: What you manipulate

Question 12

Biological themes

Answer 12

1. Level of hierarchy
2. Organisms interact with each other and environment
3. Life requires energy transfer
4. Structure and function are correlated
5. Cell is the basic unit
6. DNA is hereditary
7. Feedback mechanism regulate
8. Evolution= unity and diversity

Question 13

Where does energy come from?

Answer 13

Sunlight>chemical energy>kinetic energy

Question 14

3 domains of life

Answer 14

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Bacteris and archaea are prokaryotic.
Eukarya has Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia (Protists)

Question 15

96% of all natural atoms

Answer 15

CHON

Question 16

Trace element

Answer 16

Required by an organism in minute properties

Question 17

Element

Answer 17

cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Question 18

Compound

Answer 18

a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Question 19

4% of life elements are

Answer 19

Ca, P, K, S

Question 20

Atom

Answer 20

smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

Question 21

Atomic number

Answer 21

of protons or electrons in neutral atom

Question 22

Atomic mass

Answer 22

Mass of protons+nutrons. 1 proton or nutron= 1 dalton

Question 23

Isotopes

Answer 23

two atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons

Question 24

Covalent bond

Answer 24

sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

Question 25

Ionic bond

Answer 25

an attraction between an anion and a cation

Question 26

Hydrogen bond

Answer 26

Wear attraction when hydrogen is around FON

Question 27

Van der Waals interactions

Answer 27

Partial polar attraction without hydrogen

Question 28

Polarity rules

Answer 28

<0.5 nonpolar covalent >0.5-1.69 polar covalent >1.7 ionic

Question 29

Inert atom

Answer 29

Full valence shell

Question 30

Electronegativity # of CHON

Answer 30

2.5, 2.1, 3.5, 3.0

Question 31

4 properties of water

Answer 31

Cohesive behavior Ability to moderate temperature Expansion upon freezing Versatility as a solvent

Question 32

How much of a cell is water?

Answer 32

70–95%

Question 33

Cohesion/adhesion

Answer 33

ad-with other molecules | co-with itself

Question 34

Temperature

Answer 34

measures the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of molecules regardless of volume.

Question 35

Specific heat

Answer 35

the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1ºC

Question 36

Specific heat of water

Answer 36

1 cal/g/ºC

Question 37

Acid

Answer 37

any substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution

Question 38

Base

Answer 38

any substance that reduces the H+ concentration.

Question 39

Buffer

Answer 39

weak acid and conjugate base. Minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH– in a solution. It does so by accepting H+ ions when in excess and releasing H+ ions when they are depleted.

Question 40

Why is ice less dense than water?

Answer 40

H bonds with less kinetic energy are more ordered and stabilize

Question 41

pH scale is

Answer 41

logarithmic (10^-1, etc)

Question 42

Isomers

Answer 42

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and thus different properties

Question 43

Types of isomers

Answer 43

Structural isomers: have different covalent arrangements of their atoms Cis-trans isomers: have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements Enantiomers: are isomers that are mirror images of each other

Question 44

Functional groups

Answer 44

Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, methyl

Question 45

Hydroxyl

Answer 45

OH: can H bond, dissolves organic compounds

Question 46

Carbonyl

Answer 46

C=O: ketone, aldehyde found in sugars

Question 47

Carboxyl

Answer 47

OH-C=O: deprotonates to acid

Question 48

Amino

Answer 48

NH2: Acts as a base. Becomes NH3

Question 49

Sulfhydryl

Answer 49

3D shape of proteins (cysteines)

Question 50

Phosphate

Answer 50

gives hydrocarbon chain a hydrophilic head! (polar)

Question 51

Methyl

Answer 51

Important in DNA. Inhibits RNA transcription, regulates gene expression

Question 52

ATP

Answer 52

3PO10, O has - charge, unstable, releases energy