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Animal Nutrition > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Nutrition

A

Study of the processes where feed nutrients are presented to and utilized by living cells for productive processes

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2
Q

Nutrition affects

A 
Reproduction
Health
Genetic potential
Physical ability
Emotional state 
Production
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3
Q

Feed accounts for how much production cost

A

45-76%

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4
Q

Basic nutrionists

A

Study metabolism, cellular and sub cellular biochemistry

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5
Q

Applied nutritionist

A

Cost effective animal feeding, real world problems

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6
Q

Antoine Lavoisier

A

1743-1794, French man, founder of science of nutrition, head of weights and measures, combustion

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7
Q

Nutrient

A

Any chemical, element or compound in the diet that supports normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance of life processes

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8
Q

Essential nutrient

A

Can’t be made by the body, can’t be synthesized in great enough quantities to support life processes

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9
Q

Nonessential nutrient

A

Can be made by the body

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10
Q

Essential nutrient classification

A

Water, carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals

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11
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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12
Q

Disaccharides

A

Lactose, sucrose, maltose

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13
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Starch- amylose, amylopectin

Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin

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14
Q

Monogastrics need

A

Glucose

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15
Q

Ruminants need

A

volatile fatty acids

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16
Q

Ruminants can digest

A

Cellulose

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17
Q

Monogastrics need

A

Starch

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18
Q

Fats consist of what specific essential fatty acids

A

Linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic

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19
Q

10 amino acids

A

Phenylaline
Valine
Threonine

Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine

Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine

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20
Q

Macro minerals- %in diet

A

Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, sulfur

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21
Q

Micro minerals- ppm or ppb

A

Copper, iodine, cobalt, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iron, selenium

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22
Q

Vitamin classes

A

Fat soluble- absorbed with fat

Water soluble- not stored

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23
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A-vision
D-bone
E-antioxidant
K- blood clotting

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24
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Biotin, choline, folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C

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25
Energy
Carbs, fats, protein
26
Water
Most common substance found on earth
27
How many gallons of water does it take to produce 1 Lb of body weight
1368 gallons
28
Properties of water
``` Liquid at variety of temps Boils at 100 degrees C Freezes 0 degrees C High specific heat High surface tension High latent heat of vaporization Polar solvent ```
29
Functions of water
``` Transport medium Temperature regulator Lubricant Cell turgidity and shape Hydrolysis ```
30
Water requirement is influence by
Environment, diet, age and stage of production
31
Waters role in body heat regulation
Body heat production- cell is exothermic, activity, metabolism, digestion Dissipation of heat- high specific heat and heat of vaporization
32
Conditions desirable for evaporative heat loss
Low humidity, air movement, plenty of drinking water
33
Water management to cool animals
Mist, tank, pond all periodic
34
Sources of water
Free liquid, water in feed, metabolic water
35
Metabolic water production
Fat produces most metabolic water
36
Animal dehydration
Acute due to no water intake Chronic which causes scours, UTI problems Water intoxication
37
Amino acids are composed of
15% carbon 7% hydrogen 23% oxygen 16% nitrogen
38
Formula for CP from nitrogen
%N X 6.25 = %CP
39
Proteins involved in body metabolism
Enzymes, hormones, immune system, transport within body
40
Enzymes
Lipase, Maltese, trypsin
41
Hormones
Growth hormone, insulin | Regulate metabolism
42
Immune system
Antibodies are proteins | IgG, IgA, IgM
43
Transport within the body
Chylomicron | Albumin
44
Glucogenic acids
Glycine, alanine, threonine, cystine, methionine | Converted to glucose
45
Ketogenic amino acids
Lysine, leucine | Converted to acetyl CoA-> ketones
46
Protein and AA deficiencies
``` Reduced growth Reduce feed efficiency Anorexia Fatty liver Infertility Reduced birth weight Reduced milk production ```
47
Minerals must be...?
Provided in diet They are inorganic Needed in small amounts Needed for production maintenance and reproduction
48
Requirements for minerals
Age, physiological status, body storage, environment
49
Minerals of concern in drinking water
Arsenide, cadmium, chromium, fluorine, lead, nitrates, nitrites, salt
50
Loss of H20 affects
Lungs, urine, sweat
51
Absorption
Occurs about every tissues | Passive diffusion
52
Fats/ lipids
Wide variety, all hate water, 2.25 more energy than carbs
53
Two types of lipids
Unsaturated- double bonds | saturated- single bonds
54
Monoglyceride
One
55
Calcium functions
Bone development, muscle contractions, blood clotting, primary mineral in body
56
Calcium deficiency
Rickets, milk fever
57
Phosphorus functions
Bone development, ATP, nucleic acid
58
Phosphorus deficiency
Paralysis, tetany, reduced growth
59
Magnesium functions
Bone development, energy metabolism, CNS
60
Magnesium deficiency
Grass tetany, convulsions
61
Na/K/Cl functions
Electrolyte balance
62
Na/K/Cl deficiency
Altered electrolyte balance, drink urine, stress, dehydration
63
Sulfur- ruminants only- functions
Protein synthesis, wool growth
64
Sulfur deficiency
Poor wool growth, poor microbial protein synthesis
65
Copper function
Red blood cell formation, collagen formation, antibiotic effect
66
Copper deficiency
Anemia, toxic to sheep
67
Iron functions
Hemoglobin synthesis
68
Iron deficiency
Anemia, baby pigs especially
69
Se functions
Antioxidant
70
Se deficiency
White muscle disease
71
Zinc functions
Bone growth, cofactors with insulin
72
Zinc deficiency
Parakeratosis
73
Calcium sources
Limestone, oyster shells
74
Phosphorus sources
Dicalcium phosphate, oyster shells
75
Magnesium sources
Magnesium oxide
76
Na/K/Cl sources
Salt
77
Sulfur sources
Sodium sulfate
78
What 3 chemicals do carbohydrates contain
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
79
Ratio of C:H:O in carbs
1:2:1
80
Carbs are the principle energetic source of
Livestock: starch or cellulose
81
Carbs occupy how much of the diet
80%

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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