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Critical Care > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Normal Cardiac Output (CO)

A

4-8 L/min

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2
Q

Preload definition

A

End diastolic VOLUME that stretches the right or left ventricle of the heart

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3
Q

Afterload definition

A

PRESURE/RESISTANCE against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole

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4
Q

Contractility definition

A

Muscle function presence

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5
Q

Normal Cardiac Index (CI)

A

2.5-4

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6
Q

Mean Central Venous Pressure (CVP) in right atria

A

2-10 mmHg

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7
Q

Normal SVR

A

800-1200

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8
Q

Normal PVR

A

100-250

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9
Q

MAP Formula

A

(2 x diastolic + systolic)/3

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10
Q

Normal MAP

A

70-100

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11
Q

Phlebostatic axis is where?

A

4th intercostal space, midaxillary line

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12
Q

Dicrotic Notch on wave form represents:

A

Closing of aortic valve

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13
Q

Pulmonary Artery Catheter (AKA Swan Ganz) measures:

A

Left heart pressures

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14
Q

Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PAD, PAOP) represents pressure on which side of the heart?

A

Left side

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15
Q

Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAS) represents pressure on which side of the heart?

A

Right side

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16
Q

What causes increased CVP?

A

Over-hydration, HF, positive pressure breathing (anything ventilator related)

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17
Q

What causes decreased CVP?

A

Hypovolemia, negative pressure breathing (retractions while breathing)

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18
Q

Normal Pulmonary Artery Pressure

A

Systolic: 20-30
Diastolic: 8-12

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19
Q

Right ventricular pressure

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A

Systolic: 30-40
Diastolic: 5

20
Q

Normal PAOP (Wedge pressure)

21
Q

What is the clutching of the chest accompanied with chest pain called?

Study These Flashcards
A

Levine’s sign

22
Q

Name and describe the three types of angina

Study These Flashcards
A

Stable: predictable
Crescendo: pain with minimal exertion, no enzyme change
Variant (Prinzmetal): caused by vasospasm

23
Q

What is the clinical difference between Non-ST-segment elevation ACS and Non-ST-segment elevation MI?

Study These Flashcards
A

There is a presence of cardiac enzymes in NSTEMI (troponin-death of cardiac tissue).

24
Q

What is the difference between a STEMI and NSTEMI?

Study These Flashcards
A 
STEMI:
-Clot has fully occluded coronary artery
-ST segment elevation
-Elevated enzymes (super high)
NSTEMI:
-Clot has partially occluded
-No ST segment elevation
-Elevated enzymes
25
What arrhythmia is common with right coronary artery occlusion?
Bradycardia
26
Name 6 nursing interventions for decreased cardiac perfusion:
O2, ASA, morphine, NTG, continuous EKG, anxiety reduction
27
What are supportive therapies for post-MI hypothermic Tx?
Monitoring Labs- Potassium (hypokalemia is treated) Shivering- use of paralytics to prevent
28
How do you know TPA has worked?
- Arrhythmias (Vtach, PVCs, Idioventricular) - Decreased ST - Pain resolution - CK levels increase ("washout")
29
PCA complications (8)
Allergic reactions, arrhythmias, CA rupture, re-occlusion, bleeding in groin area, CVA, renal issues (due to contrast dye), oversedation
30
What is the difference between an aneurysm and a dissection?
Aneurysm is a localized area of dilation of the vessel wall which results in disturbed blood flow. Dissection is a tear in the layers of the aortic wall which results in a "false" lumen.
31
What is the first line Tx for aneurysms and dissections?
Beta Blockers
32
Systolic dysfunction is AKA
Low ejection fraction HF
33
Diastolic dysfunction is AKA
Normal ejection fraction HF
34
Which lab is the only lab which is diagnostic of HF?
BNP
35
Left sided HF (backward effects) S&S:
SOB, hypoxia, crackles in lungs, tripoding positioning
36
Left sided HF (forward effects) S&S:
Oliguria, fatigue, tachycardia, restlessness, faint pulses
37
Right sided HF (backward effects) S&S:
Edema (pedal, JVD), decreased CO, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
38
Right sided HF (forward effects) S&S:
Oliguria, fatigue, tachycardia, restlessness, faint pulses
39
What is a hallmark of systolic dysfunction?
Decrease in left ventricular EF
40
What is a hallmark of diastolic dysfunction?
Decreased cardiac output
41
What are the determinants of stroke volume (SV)?
Preload, afterload, and contractility
42
What are the effects of IABP balloon inflation?
Increased coronary perfusion
43
What are the effects of IABP balloon deflation?
Decreased afterload, cardiac workload, myocardial o2 consumption, and increased cardiac output
44
Describe the pacing error: failure to sense
Pacemaker doesn't sense the QRS complex so it sends electrical impulse anyway on top of patient's own rhythm
45
Describe the pacing error: failure to capture
No mechanical movement (no pumping) even with an electrical impulse (basically asytole)

Critical Care (6 decks)

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