Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Stage 2 Psychology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is experimental psychology

A

The phrase “experimental psychology” refers to
a specific methodological approach to the study of psychology

as well as to several specific areas of research within psychology which predominantly use experimental methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Experimental psychology involves the collection of what

A

reliable and quantifiable behavioural data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Often empirical tests are conducted under what

A

Controlled conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Specific areas of study within psychology which predominantly use experimental methods include what

A 
sensation, 
perception, 
physiological and comparative psychology,
Emotion and motivation, 
Conditioning and learning, 
Memory
cognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the basic elements

A

Control Group
Random Allocation
Pre- /Post- testing
Hypothesis testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Scientific Methods six basic elements

A

Observation
Defining a problem
Proposing a hypothesis (an educated guess that can be tested)
Gathering evidence/testing the hypothesis
Publishing results
Building a theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Empirical investigation in psychology may be what

A

experimental, quantitative observational or qualitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

All investigation designs and methods of assessing psychological responses have what

A

Advantages and Disadvantages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

All investigation designs and methods of assessing psychological responses have what

A

Ethical dimensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 investigative designs

A

experimental, quantitative observational, and qualitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 methods of assessing psychological responses

A

Quantitative measures
Subjective quantitative measures
Qualitative assessment data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the 4 levels of explanation used in psychology

A

The Biological level
The basic processes level
The personal level
The sociocultural level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Biological level

A

The biological level of explanation focuses on the biological and chemical processes underlying behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the basic processes level

A

The basic processes level of explanation focuses on the psychological processes that are universal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the person level

A

The person level of explanation focuses on individual differences in behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the sociocultural level

A

The sociocultural level of explanation focuses on the influence that other people exert on behaviour by studying behaviour in social and cultural contexts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What groups are involved in the experimental method

A

Experimental group

Control group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is random allocation

A

Random allocation means that all participants who have been selected for an experimental are just as likely to be in one group as the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Differences between Experimental Designs and Quantitative Observational Designs

A

One of the main differences is that the ‘treatment’ pre-exists in the two groups being compared whereas in an experiment the researcher manipulates the research groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Advantages of Quantitative observational design

A

Quantitative Observational designs allow variables to be investigated that would be unethical, impossible or too costly under an experimental design.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Disadvantages of Quantitative observational design

Study These Flashcards
A

Cannot infer such a strong cause and effect relationship because there is a greater chance of other variables affecting the results. This is due to the lack of random assignment to groups.

22
Q

What are focus groups

Study These Flashcards
A

Focus groups refer to a group interview technique that obtains data through discussion between research participants in a group setting.

23
Q

What advantages of focus groups

Study These Flashcards
A

May be more convenient that one-on-one interviews

Rich data can be collected

Easy to organise and inexpensive to conduct.

Useful for collecting information from people who are unable to read or write

24
Q

What are the disadvantages of focus groups

Study These Flashcards
A

People may not feel comfortable expressing opinions in front of others

A few people may dominate the discussion

Interviewer bias may contaminate the results

Cannot establish causation

The data from a focus group should not be interpreted to be representative of the entire population

25
What is the Delphi technique
The Delphi technique uses a series of self-administered questionnaires and feedback to obtain the opinion of experts in a field of interest.
26
What advantages are there for the Delphi technique
Participants are free to express their opinions due to confidentiality and anonymity of their responses. A greater pool of expertise may be tapped into compared to individual interviews A small or large group of experts can be contacted cheaply through post or email, not limited by Geographic's
27
Disadvantages of the Delphi technique
Researcher bias can contaminate results Does not allow for generalisation of results due to the limitations of using a small sample group May force consensus as people are not able to discuss responses
28
Qualitative researcher can provide what
a richer and deeper understanding of participants and their responses
29
Quantitative research usually involves what
data collection under strict conditions to prevent or minimise the influence of such factors
30
Examples of Physiological responses
Brain activity — Electroencephalograph (EEG) — Functional Magnetic — Resonance Imaging (fMRl) Psychological arousal — Heart rate — Galvanic skin response — Blood cortisol levels
31
What are behavioural counts
Using behavioural counts is an observational method for which a researcher views a group of people or animals to record the number of times a particular behaviour occurs
32
What are two methods of collecting qualitative data
Focus Groups and the Delphi Technique
33
Before any psychological experiment is undertaken the experimenter must what
Using behavioural counts is an observational method for which a researcher views a group of people or animals to record the number of times a particular behaviour occurs
34
What are the participants rights
confidentiality voluntary participation, withdrawal rights informed consent
35
The Australian psychological society has what
a code of ethics that stipulates the standard of professional conduct, which researchers must abide by when conducting any study
36
What are the 3 variables in Psychology
Dependant Variable Independent Variables Experimental variables
37
What are Dependant variables
Dependent Variable is the one being observed
38
What are independent variables
Independent Variable is considered the cause of the behaviour and is the one manipulated by the experimenter
39
What are experimental variables
researchers manipulate and control one variable , and observe the effect it has on another variable
40
Specific areas in psychology that use experimental psychology
``` sensation, perception, physiological and comparative psychology, Emotion and motivation, Conditioning and learning, Memory cognition ```
41
Basic elements of research design
Control Group Random Allocation Pre- /Post- testing Hypothesis testing
42
What are the 6 basic elements of the scientific method
Observation Defining a problem Proposing a hypothesis (an educated guess that can be tested) Gathering evidence/testing the hypothesis Publishing results Building a theory
43
What are the Advantages of Experimental Design
Extraneous Variables may be controlled to a certain extent Can be used to investigate causality Easily replicated.
44
What are the Disadvantages of Experimental Design
Demand Characteristics: Cues that tell a subject what is expected of him or her, and what the researcher hopes to find Ethical Considerations: In doing research with humans or animals, researchers must weigh possible harm that may be inflicted against the usefulness and other benefits that may be gained.
45
What are correlation studies
Studies designed to measure the degree of a relationship (if any) between two or more events, measures, or variables
46
What is a type observational research design
A survey
47
What are the advantages of observational research design
Can be used when it is not ethical or practical to carry out experimental research. Able to observe people in their natural environments and therefore are able to gather more real information.
48
What are the Disadvantages of Observational Research Design
A Few Concerns About Survey Research: Competence or honesty of those who respond The wording of the questions Observers can have different ideas about what they should record. Cannot study causality as extraneous variables may affect the results.
49
What is Qualitative Research Design
This is where the psychologist or researcher seeks information that is rich through open ended questions and interview type scenarios.
50
What are focus groups
Focus groups are small numbers of people brought together to discuss a given issue face to face
51
What is the Delphi technique
Experts in a given field are asked to respond (anonymously and in writing) to a set of questions (usually open ended).

Stage 2 Psychology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions