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Human growth and development > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

_____________ is the science of human development seeks to understand how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time.

A

Development

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2
Q

What are the 5 basic steps of the scientific method?

A
  • curiosity
  • hypothesis
  • test hypothesis
  • draw conclusions
  • report results
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3
Q

_____________ is the influence of genes we inherit.

A

Nature

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4
Q

__________ is the environmental influences that affect development.

A

Nurture

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5
Q

What are the domains of human development?

A
  • Biological development
  • Cognitive development
  • psychosocial domain
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6
Q

What is the age range of Infancy?

A

0-2 years old

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7
Q

What is the age range for early childhood?

A

2-6 years old

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8
Q

What is the age range for middle childhood?

A

6-11 years old

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9
Q

What is the age range for adolescences?

A

11-18 years old

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10
Q

What is the age range for emerging adulthood?

A

18-25 years old

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11
Q

What is the age range for Adulthood?

A

25-65 years old

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12
Q

What is the age range for late adulthood?

A

65 years of older

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13
Q

_____________ is multi directional

A

developmental

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14
Q

Over time ___________ change in direction

A

human characteristics

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15
Q

What are the 2 different periods?

A

Critical period

Sensitive period

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16
Q

Development is ____________.

A

plastic

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17
Q

What facts does development incorporate?

A
  • Human traits can be molded

-

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18
Q

The _____________ theory is irrational, unconscious, drives motives often originating in childhood, underlie and human behavior.

A

psychoanalytic

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19
Q

___________ ( 1856-1939) developed the 5 psychosexual stages during which sensual satisfaction is linked to developmental needs and conflicts.

A

Freud

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20
Q

______________ ( 1902-1994) developed the 8 developmental stages that was characterized by challenging developmental crisis.

A

Eric Erikson

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21
Q

_____________ ( 1878-1958) developed the learning theory and conditioned response ( also means learning).

A

John Watson

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22
Q

____________ ( 1904-1990) developed operant conditioning.

A

B.F. Skinner

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23
Q

______________ ( still alive) developed the social learning theory.

A

Albert Bandura

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24
Q

_____________ are thoughts and expectations profoundly affect actions, attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions.

A

Cognitive theory

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25
______________ requires researchers to record behavior systematically and objectively.
Scientific observation
26
______________ establishes causal relationships among variables.
experiments
27
What are the 2 variables called?
Independent variable | dependent variable
28
What are the 2 groups called?
experimental group | comparison group
29
_____________ includes information collected from a large number of people through interview, questionnaire, or some other means.
Survey
30
What are the 3 basic research designs?
cross sectional research longitudinal research cross sequential research
31
_____________ exists between 2 variables if one variable is more or less likely occur when the other does.
correlation
32
What are the 3 different correlations?
positive correlation negative correlation zero correlation
33
____________ is the molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins.
DNA
34
____________ is the molecules of DNA.
chromosomes
35
How many chromosomes are from each parent?
23 pairs of chromosomes
36
____________ is a small section of a chromosome
gene
37
_____________ is when the egg and sperm meet?
zygote
38
__________ is the reproductive cell ( sperm, egg)
gamete
39
_____________ is and organisms genetic make inheritance or genetic potential.
genotype
40
____________ is the observable characteristics of an organism, including appearance, personality, intelligence, and all other traits.
Phenotype
41
For a genome what is the similarity rate between 2 people.
99.5%
42
For a genome what is the similarity rate between humans and chimpanzees?
98%
43
For a genome what is the similarity rate between humans and every other mammal?
90%
44
The ____________ is found only about 20,000-23,000 genes in humans.
Human genome project
45
Females are:
XX
46
Males are:
XY
47
__________ are identical twins
Monozygotic twins
48
____________ originate from one zygote that splits apart very early in development.
Monozygotic twins
49
Monozygotic twins have the same genotype but slight variations in ___________ are possible due to environmental influences.
phenotype
50
____________ are fraternal twins
Dizygotic twins
51
____________ results from fertilization of 2 separate ova by two separate sperm.
Dizygotic twins
52
____________ twins have half their genes in common and occur twice as often as monozygotic twins.
Dizygotic
53
Incidence is genetic and varies by __________ and ________.
ethnicity and age
54
What are the 3 main periods of prenatal development
- germinal period ( first 2 weeks) - Embryonic period ( 3-8 weeks) - Fetal period ( 9th week till birth)
55
What is the average duration for first born babies?
12 hours
56
Is it slower or quicker for later born babies?
quicker
57
_____________ is a quick assessment of newborns heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, color, and reflexes.
Apgar scale
58
How many times is the Apgar scale completed?
twice
59
When is the Apgar scale completed?
1 minute and 5 minutes after birth
60
On the Apgar scale there is a score of ____, ______ or ______ in each category.
0,1,2
61
What is the desired score on the Apgar scale?
7 or above
62
What is a Cesarean section?
C section

Human growth and development (4 decks)

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