Test 1 Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
true or false: all animals eat
A
false
2
Q
true or false: all animals move
A
false
3
Q
true or false: all animals are big
A
false
4
Q
Put Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Species H. sapiens, Order Primates, Genus Homo, and Family Hominidae in order
A
- Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordata
- Class Mammalia
- Order Primates
- Family Hominidae
- Genus Homo
- Species H. sapiens
5
Q
what is binomial nomenclature
A
uses genus name and specific epithet
6
Q
is mitosis related to asexual or sexual reproduction
A
asexual
7
Q
is clonal related to asexual or sexual reproduction
A
asexual
8
Q
is no mate needed related to asexual or sexual reproduction
A
asexual
9
Q
is no energy wasted on unused gametes related to asexual or sexual reproduction
A
asexual
10
Q
is meiosis related to asexual or sexual reproduction
A
sexual
11
Q
is gametes related to asexual or sexual reproduction
A
sexual
12
Q
is genetic variation related to asexual or sexual reproduction
A
sexual
13
Q
is a mate needed related to asexual or sexual reproduction
A
sexual
14
Q
is energy wasted on used gametes related to asexual or sexual reproduction
A
sexual
15
Q
how many path are there for embryology
A
5
16
Q
what are the stages for the non-chordate path
A
- zygote goes through mitosis
- early cleavage
- late cleavage
- blastula
- gastrula
- organ differentiation
17
Q
what is a morula
A
solid ball of cells
18
Q
what is a blastula
A
hollow ball of cells
19
Q
what kind of yolk goes with holoblastic cleavage
A
low and high yolk
20
Q
holoblastic cleavage (low yolk)
A
blastomeres are completely divided and are equal in size
21
Q
blastomeres
A
any cells in an embryo
22
Q
what kind of yolk goes with meroblastic cleavage
A
huge yolk
23
Q
holoblastic cleavage high yolk
A
blastomeres are completely divided and unequal in size
24
Q
meroblastic cleavage
A
blastomeres are not completely divided
25
what are the 3 germ layers
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
26
what are the 3 germ layers called when are all together
triploblastic
27
what is it called when endoderm and ectoderm are together
diploblastic
28
outer covering of the animal
ectoderm
29
inner lining of the animal, lining of digestive tract, respiratory tract
endoderm
30
everything besides the outer covering of the animal and the inner lining of the animal, lining of digestive tract, respiratory tract
mesoderm
31
protostome
blastopore becomes mouth
32
blastopore becomes anus
deuterostome
33
stages for the primitive chordate path
1. zygote goes through mitosis
2. early cleavage
3. late cleavage
4. blastula
5. gastrula
6. neural groove
7. neural tube
8. organ differentiation
34
stages for the amphibian path
1. zygote goes through mitosis
2. early cleavage
3. late cleavage
4. blastula
5. gastrula
6. yolk plug
7. neural groove
8. neural tube
9. organ differentiation
35
stages for bird and reptile path
1. zygote goes through mitosis
2. early cleavage
3. late cleavage
4. primitive streak
5. neural groove
6. neural tube
7. organ differentiation
36
stages for the mammal path
1. zygote goes through mitosis
2. early cleavage
3. late cleavage
4. Blastocyst
5. embryonic plate
6. primitive streak
7. neural groove
8. neural tube
9. organ differentiation
37
Evolution
the change in allele frequencies in a population over time
38
study of distribution of living things
biogeography
39
Paleontology
study of fossil records
40
homologous structures = same embryonic organ, but different functions
comparative anatomy
41
analogous structures
same function different embryonic organ
42
what theory did jean Baptiste Lamarck come up with
theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
43
who believed in artificial selection
Charles darwin
44
artificial selection
a person selects desirable traits
45
who wrote a manuscript regarding his observations and published it in Proceedings of the linnean Society
Alfred Russel Wallace
46
biological species concept
defines species relative to reproduction success
47
Problems with biological species concept
1. extinct specimens
2. asexual specimens
3. geographically isolated specimens
48
morphological species concept
- based on morphology
49
problem with morphological species concept
Populations with high diversity are a problem
50
no gene flow (genetic isolation)
speciation
51
premating isolation
prevents parents from mating
52
allopatric speciation
Geographic isolation
53
parapatric speciation
Species do have access to other area but not that well adapted
54
demes
a part of a pop that is adapted for a slightly different environment
55
sympatric speciation
2 pop have full access to each other but still don't breed
56
best suited for the environment have a higher probability of survival and reproduction
natural selection
57
directional selection
- 1 extreme phenotype is favored
| - changes the avg
58
both extreme phenotypes are favored, average doesn't change but the frequency of individuals nearest the mean increases
disruptive selection
59
genetic drift
random chance and sampling error
60
true or false bigger pop have less of a chance of genetic drift
true
61
new pop doesn't accurately represent original pop
founder effect
62
bottleneck effect
huge reduction in pop size
| only a few reproduce
63
gene flow
movement of alleles among pops
64
error in copying DNA in the process of gamete creation
mutation
65
what are the 5 ways to change allele frequencies?
1. natural selection
2. mate choice/ non random mating
3. genetic drift
4. gene flow
5. mutation
66
true or false mutation are often not silent
false
67
punctuated equilibrium
rare large evolutionary events
68
constant small evolutionary events
gradualism
69
hardy Weinberg believed that there was no evolution if
1. pop is large
2. Individuals cannot migrate
3. mutation do not exist
4. random mating
70
Survivorship type 1
- survival is likely early in life
- parenting
- few offspring
71
Survivorship type 2
- survival rates are constant
- moderate parenting
- moderate # of offspring
72
Survivorship type 3
- survival unlikely early in life
- many offspring
- no parenting
73
the doubling time decreases as N increases
Exponential growth curve
74
logistic growth curve
as n approaches k growth rate decreases
75
for curves that have oscillations of N above and below K what does that tell us
limited resource isn't always needed
76
what is the curve called that goes way above k and then has a steep fall
great overshoot of k
77
density independent k factors
do not increase in intensity or frequency of n approaching K
78
density dependent k factors
increase in frequency and intensity as n approaches K
79
in a competition interaction what are they competing for
limited resource
80
what are the 2 outcomes of a competition interaction
1. local extinction
| 2. resource partitioning (sharing)
81
what does resource partitioning lead to
Ecological niche
82
Competition that occurs among individuals of the same species
intraspecific comp
83
competition that occurs among individuals of different species
interspecific comp
84
interaction that involves one eating the other
predator/prey
85
symbiosis interaction
an extended , intimate relationship between organisms of different species
86
one symbiont benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)
parasitism
87
one symbiont benefits and the other is not affected
commensalism
88
both symbionts benefit
mutualism
89
camouflage -interaction avoidance
don't get seen
90
what type of camouflage adopts a pattern that helps you blend in
cryptic coloration
91
countershading -interaction avoidance
top is dark, under is light
92
aposematic coloration
reminds that animal of a previous bad experience
