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Comm 201 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 steps to critical thinking?

A
  1. Identify an assertion or action
  2. Evaluate your interpretations and beliefs.
  3. Ask what the evidence points to
  4. Ask about other explanations or conclusions.
  5. Keep an open mind for new evidence and evaluations.
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2
Q

Messages can be:

A

Verbal or nonverbal

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3
Q

What is communication usually?

A

Symbolic: something that represents something else and conveys meaning

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4
Q

Words and gestures have no inherent meaning.

A

Arbitrary

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5
Q

Verbal, the explicit words you are saying

A

Content meaning

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6
Q

Standardized, dictionary definition

A

Denotative

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7
Q

What a word/message means on a personal level; the emotional baggage a word/message carries

A

Connotative

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8
Q

Often nonverbal, what the message conveys about the relationship between the two people, how they feel about one another

A

Relationship meaning

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9
Q

Reflected by proxemics, eye contact, posture

A

How relationship meaning is shown

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10
Q

Physical surroundings of the communication event affect how partners will interpret the message. (Location, environmental conditions, time, proximity)

A

Setting

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11
Q

Must have two or more people interacting; interaction affected by:
number of people involved, characteristics shared by those people, personal relationship of those involved, moods of those involved)

A

Participants

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12
Q

Means by which a message is transmitted.

A

Channel

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13
Q

Anything that interferes with the message; not limited to sound.

A

Noise

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14
Q

The receiver’s response to a message

A

Feedback

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15
Q

Communication moves in one direction at a time. One person is the sender and one is the receiver.

A

Linear model

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16
Q

Recognizes that communicators are both communicators and receivers (mid 1950s) added feedback

A

Interactive model

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17
Q

Communicators are senders and receivers at the same time. Some messages may be nonverbal.

A

Transactional model

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18
Q

A process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages.

A

Communication

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19
Q

Standards of right or wrong as applied to messages.

A

Communication ethics

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20
Q

Lying is ALWAYS wrong. Ethics that apply to every situation.

A

Absolutism

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21
Q

Lying is SOMETIMES wrong. A standard that depends on the situation.

A

Relativism

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22
Q

Used to get what you need or desire.

A

Instrumental function

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23
Q

Used to control or regulate others behaviors, (asking a friend to drive you to a party)

A

Regulatory function

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24
Q

Used to communicate information or report facts.

A

Informative function.

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25
Used to acquire knowledge and understanding.
Heuristic function
26
Used to establish and define social relationships. (Inviting your friend maintains the relationship)
Interactional function
27
Used to express individuality and personality.
Personal function
28
Used to express oneself artistically and creatively.
Imaginatively
29
7 functions of language
``` Instrumental Regulatory Informative Heuristic Interactional Personal Imaginatively ```
30
What are the components of language?
Phonology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics
31
Study of sounds that compose language and how they communicate meaning.
Phonology
32
The rules that govern word order.
Syntax
33
The study of meaning.
Semantics
34
How language is used in certain contexts.
Pragmatics
35
Theory that states that when we communicate, we doing just say things but we also do things. (Making a request, entering into an agreement, etc. )
Speech acts
36
Govern the way we organize conversation
Conversation rules
37
We used conversation differently depending on where we are and on culture.
Contextual rules
38
When identities influence several aspects of language.
Dialects
39
Explores the link between power and communication, based on five assumptions
Cocultral theory
40
Specialized language that many occupations have
Jargon
41
What are the 5 assumptions of cocultural theory?
1. Society provides privilege to certain groups 2. One of these privileges is to set communication norms 3. Language then works to maintain those privileges 4. “Male” language is preferred in the workplace and female language styles are preferred in relationships 5. Dominant language structures keep some people from progressing.
42
Statements that reject or invalidate someone’s self image
Disconfirming messages
43
Statements that let the other person know you value them.
Confirming messages
44
Takes responsibility for and expresses your feelings while focusing on specific experiences and behaviors
I statements
45
Attack and judge the other person, making negative generalizations about them.
You statements
46
Multi channeled, increases verbal effectiveness, affects public policy
Importance of nonverbal communication.
47
All the nonverbal actions we engage in. (Coughing)
Nonverbal behavior
48
Nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning.
Nonverbal communication
49
What are the nonverbal codes?
``` Kinesics Paralinguistics Chronemics Proxemics Haptics Artifacts ```
50
Body language, including facial expressions.
Kinesics
51
Clarify or emphasize (type of gesture)
Illustrators
52
Have a direct verbal translation (type of gesture)
Emblems
53
Manage our emotions (type of gesture)
Adaptors
54
Control conversation (type of gesture
Regulators
55
What are the components of posture?
Immediacy and relaxation
56
Shows how involved we are with the conversation
Immediacy
57
Vocal aspects of nonverbal communication; oral but not verbal
Paralinguistics
58
What makes your voice distinctive and recognizable.
Voice qualities
59
Sounds we utter that do not have the structure of language (laughing, crying)
Vocalizations
60
Study of how we use time to send messages
Chronemics
61
How we use space indicates our relationships with others.
Proxemics
62
Touch as nonverbal communication
Haptics
63
What are the four types of touch?
``` Professional or functional touch Social polite touch (shaking hands) Friendship touch (hug) Love intimate touch (kisses) ```
64
Accessories, things we carry, wear or use that indicate our identity and social status. (Cars, house, watches, ring)
Artifacts
65
What are the functions of nonverbal messages?
Communicate information: repeating or contradicting (shaking head) Regulating interaction: managing turn-taking in conversation
66
Importance’s of listening:
Improved cognition, enhance academic performance, enhances personal relationships, enhances professional performance, improved health
67
The process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to verbal or nonverbal messages.
Listening
68
Four stages or listing:
Hearing Understanding Evaluating Responding
69
Listeners pick up sound waves directed toward them
Hearing
70
Interpreting the messages associated with the sound.
Understanding
71
Assessing your reaction to the message and looking at possible interpretations
Evaluating
72
Provides evidence you are listening and shows others how you regarded their message.
Responding
73
What are the four listening styles?
Action oriented Content oriented People oriented Time oriented
74
Focus on content of the message rather than the speaker. Hear the message and do something with it.
Active Oriented LS
75
Interested in detailed and complex information.
Content oriented listeners
76
Interested in hearing about others experiences, thoughts, and feelings.
People oriented listeners
77
Prefer brief, concise speech, want aural bullet points
Time oriented listeners
78
In general, women lean toward people-oriented style while men tend toward a more task (action, content) style.
Gender
79
We often adapt our listening behaviors depending on the age of the speaker.
Age
80
Different cultures place differing levels of importance on listening skills.
Nationality
81
What are the barriers to listening?
``` Physical (noise, discomfort) Physiological (hearing disability, boredom) Conflicting objectives Wandering (not focusing) Rejecting (tuning out the message because you dislike the speaker) Judging Predicting Rehearsing ```
82
Everyday sounds in our environment that establish a sense of community. Vary by generation
Soundscapes

Comm 201 (4 decks)

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