TEST #1

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

Study of body’s Structure

Question 2

What is Histology?

Answer 2

Microscopic study of body’s Structures

Question 3

What is Physiology?

Answer 3

Study of body’s structures functions

Question 4

What is it called when the human body keeps their internal conditions steady?

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

What is Tissue?

Answer 5

Group of Cells

Question 6

Functions of the Cell Membrane (5)

Answer 6

• Holds Cytoplasm and Organelles inside
• Allows interactions with the extracellular environment
• Attaches cells together
• Regulates some Biochemical reactions
• Regulates the flow of material in and out of the cell

Question 7

Difference between Passive and Active Transport?

Answer 7

Active requires energy, Passive does not

Question 8

Three types of Passive Transport?

Answer 8

• Simple Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated Diffusion

Question 9

Three types of Active Transport

Answer 9

• Pumps
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis

Question 10

What does it mean to ¨Follow the concentration Gradient¨?

Answer 10

Go from a place of higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 11

What molecules flow throught Simple Diffusion?

Answer 11

Small non Polar molecules

Question 12

What is Osmosis?

Answer 12

Diffusion of water accross cell membrane

Question 13

What are the three possible tonicities of a Solution?

Answer 13

• Hypotonic (less than)
• Isotonic (equal to)
• Hypertonic (More than)

Question 14

What is Facilitated Distribution and what molecules can go through it

Answer 14

Facilitated diffusion is a Passive Transport for Medium to Large molecules, Polar Molecules following the Concentration Gradient with the help of Membrane Proteins.

Question 15

What are the five different types of Channels in Facilitated Diffusion?

Answer 15

• Ion Channels
• Ligand Gated Channels
• Mechanically Gated Channel
• Voltage-Gated Channel
• Leakage Channel (Opens at Random)

Question 16

What is the description of Active Transport?

Answer 16

Requires energy (ATP) and goes against the concentration gradient

Question 17

What are pumps?

Answer 17

• Proteins that move and change shape

Question 18

What is the 4 different types of Endocytosis and a quick description?

Answer 18

• Endocytosis (Bringing matter inside the Cell)
• Phagocytosis (Large Particles)
• Pinocytosis (Fluids)
• Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis (Receptors at the surface)
  CREATE VACUOLES AND VESICLES

Question 19

What is Exocytosis?

Answer 19

Export of cellular wastes or products out of the cell

Question 20

What are the four different types of Tissue?

Answer 20

• Epithelial Tissue
• Connective Tissue
• Nervous Tissue
• Muscle Tissue

Question 21

What is the description and characteristics of Epithelial Tissue?

Answer 21

• Covers a surface, Something you dont want to leak
• Highly Cellularà
• Have a Polarity
• Regenerate themselves thanks to the Basement Membrane

Question 22

Where can we find Epithelial Tissue?

Answer 22

Lungs, Intestines, Kidney, Skin, Bladder

Question 23

What are the functions of Epithelial Tissue?

Answer 23

Protect
Transport
Secretion (Glands)

Question 24

What is the basement Membrane?

Answer 24

Attachment for the Epithelial cells so they can link with the underlying tissue

Question 25

What do you call the two surfaces of Epithelial Tissue?

Answer 25

Apical and Basal Surface

Question 26

What are all the possible names for Epithelial Tissue?

Answer 26

- Simple Squamous Epithelium - Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - Simple Columnar Epithelium - Stratisfied Squamous Epithelium - Stratisfied Cuboidal Epithelium - Stratisfied Columnar Epithelium - Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 27

Description, Location and Function of Simple Squamous Epithelium

Answer 27

One layered flat surface Air sacs of lungs, lininig of the heart, blood vessels Allows material to pass throught by diffusion and filtration

Question 28

Description, Location and Function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 28

One layered Cubic surface In ducts a secretory portions of small glands Secretes and absorbs

Question 29

Description, Location and Function of Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 29

MICROVILI AT THE TOP Uterine tubes and uterus Absorbs and secretes mucous

Question 30

Description, Location and Function of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 30

Looks like multiple layers but only one Trachea and respiratory tract Secretes mucus

Question 31

Description, Location and Function of Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 31

Skin, Dead cells at the top Vagina Protects

Question 32

Description, Location and Function of Transitional Epithelium

Answer 32

Multiple layers with different shapes Bladder, Uretha and Ureters Highly Strechable

Question 33

What are the four classes of Connective Tissue?

Answer 33

- Connective Tissue Proper - Cartilage - Bone - Blood

Question 34

What are 4 characteristics of Connective Tissue?

Answer 34

- Derived from the same embryonic tissue (Mesenchyme) - Few Cells - Lots of extracellular matrix - Rich in blood vessels or no vessels

Question 35

What are 4 functions of connective Tissue?

Answer 35

- Connect and support other tissues - Protection - Insulation and energy storage - Transport

Question 36

What are the three Connective Tissue Fibers?

Answer 36

- Collagen Fibers - Elastic Fibers - Reticular Fibers

Question 37

Describe Collagen Fibers?

Answer 37

Made of collagen (Protein) Thick Strongest

Question 38

Describe Elastic Fibers?

Answer 38

Made of Elastin Branching, long and thin Stretch and return to original shape

Question 39

Describe Reticular Fibers

Answer 39

Made of Collagen Fine and Short Forms Supporting networks (Spider Web)

Question 40

Describe Adipose Tissue?

Answer 40

Distributed throughout Body Mostly Fat Storage Cells Lots of Blood vessels

Question 41

Describe Cartilage?

Answer 41

Ear, Tip of Nose Flexible and Resistant No Blood Vessel

Question 42

Describe Hyaline Cartilage?

Answer 42

Short collahen fibers Supports and cushions Nose, end of long bones, Trachea

Question 43

Describe Elastic Cartialage?

Answer 43

External Ear | Supports while being flexible

Question 44

Characteristics of Bones

Answer 44

Rich in blood vessels Collagen fibers + bones salt Functions : support and protection

Question 45

Three functions of the Nervous System?

Answer 45

Sensation Integration Response

Question 46

Two Nervous System Division

Answer 46

Central Nervous System (CNS) | Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 47

Characteristics of Neurons (2)

Answer 47

Cannot Divide | High Metabolism

Question 48

Name of Neurons places (7)

Answer 48

``` Cell membrane Dendrites Cell Body Axon Node of Ranvier Myelin Sheath Synapse ```

Question 49

Explain the Nerve Impulse/Action Potential of Neuron step by Step

Answer 49

``` 1- Resting Membrane Potential (-70mV) 2- Membrane Potential reaches the Treshold (-55mV) Na+ Channels open, Na+ Flows in 3- Depolarization (30 mV) K+ Channels open, K+ flows out, Na+ Channels close 4. Repolarization K+ Channels close but slowly 5. Hyperpolarization (-75mV) 6. Return to Rest ```