Flashcards in test 1 chapters 3 and 4 Deck (86)
Loading flashcards...
1
the image of who you are; consists of your feelings and thoughs about your strengths and weaknesses, your abilities and limitations, and your aspirations and worldview
self-concept
2
represents the extent to which you know yourself, your strengths, and your weaknesses, your thoughts and feelings, and your personality tendencies
self-awareness
3
emphasizes that the several aspects of the self are not separate pieces but are interactive parts of a whole
johari model
4
represents all the info about you-behaviors, attitudes, feelings, desires, motivations, and ideas-that you and others know skin color, sex to age, political and religious affiliations, and financial situations, willing to open yourself up to different people
open self- dealing with johari model
5
represents all the things about you that others know but of which you're ignorant, distinct body odor, defense mechanisms, fight strategies, rubbing nose when angry
blind self-johari model
6
contains all that you know of yourself that you keep secret
hidden self- johari model
7
represents truths about yourself that neither you not others know
unknown self- Johari model
8
a measure of how valuable you think you are
self esteem
9
refers to your thinking about your strengths and weaknesses, about who you are versus who you would like to be
cognitive self esteem
10
refers to your feelings about yourself in light of your analysis of strengths and weaknesses
affective self esteem
11
refers to verbal and nonverbal behaviors such as your disclosures, your assertiveness, your conflict strategies, your gestures
behavioral self esteem
12
ideas you have about yourself that are unproductive or that make it more difficult for you to achieve your goals
self destructive beliefs
13
refers to the tendency to disregard outward signs of success and to consider yourself an imposter, a fake, a fraud, one who doesnt really deserve to be considered successful
imposter phenomenon
14
simply a statement asserting that something is true; positive statements about yourself, statements asserting that something good or positive is true of you.
affirmation
15
the process by which you become aware of objects, events, and especially people through your senses: sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing
perception
16
a general term that includes selective attention and selective exposure
selective perception
17
you attend to those things that you anticipate will fulfill your needs or will prove enjoyable
selective attention
18
expose yourself to people or messages that confirm your existing beliefs, contribute to your objectives, or prove satisfying in some way.
selective exposure
19
proximity
physical closeness
20
things that are physically closeness are perceived as belonging together and forming a unit
similarity
21
the opposite of similarity; when items are very different from each other, you can conclude that they dont belong together
contrast
22
mental templates that help you organize the millions of items of information you come into contact with every day as well as those you already have in memory
schemata
23
an organized body of information about some action, event or procedure
script
24
greatly influenced by your ;experiences; needs; wants; values; beliefs about they way things are or should be; expectations; physical and emotional state and so on; influenced by your rules, schemata, and scripts as well as by your gender
interpretation-evaluation
25
assessing what you have stored in memory
recall
26
sometimes referred to as person perception; consists of a variety of processes that you go through in forming an impression of another person
impression formation
27
is a prediction that comes true because you act on it as if it were true
self fulfilling prophecy
28
example of self-fulfilling prophecy; expected to do well and did do well -- became what their teachers though they were
pygmalion effect
29
a function of personality theory; if you believe a person has positive qualities, you are more likley to infer that she or he also possesses other positive qualities
halo effect
30
if you know a person possesses several negative qualities, you are more likey to infer that the person also has other negative qualities
reverse halo effect
31
leads you to see what you expect or want to see
perceptual accentuation
32
if what comes first exerts the most influence
primacy effect
33
if what comes last or most recent exerts most influence
recency effect
34
the tendency to maintain a balance among perception or attitudes
consistency
35
when you take credit for the positive and deny responsibility for the negative
self serving bias
36
the tendency to single out one or two obvious characteristics of a person and attribute everything that person does to this one or these two characteristsics
overattribution
37
occurs when you assess someone's behavior but overvalue the contribution of internal factors(person's personality) and undervalue the influence of external factors (context or situation the person is in); conclude that people do what they do because thats the kind of people they are, not bc of the situation they are in
fundamental attribution error
38
you evaluate what a person did on the basis of the control you perceive this person to have had on his or her behavior
attribution of control
39
another way to reduce uncertainty and to make your perceptions more accurate
perception checking
40
recognizing and being sensitive to cultural differences
cultural sensitivity
41
has to do with processes you go through to communicate the image of yourself that you want others to have of you; how to communicate to others the image of yourself you want them to see
impression management
42
used to make ourselves appear likeable; to be liked, to be thought of highly to be seen in the right light
politeness strategies and affinity seeking
43
the desire to be viewed positively by others, to be thought of favorably
positive face
44
the desire to be autonomous, to have the right to do as we wish
negative face
45
supported by contemporary research; they seek to establish your competence, character, and charisma; to be seen as competent , dynamic
credibility strategies
46
if you were about to tackle a difficult task and were concerned that you might fail; to excuse actual or possible future failure
self-handicapping strategies
47
if you want to be taken care of and protected or simply want someone to come to your aid; to secure help by making yourself seem unable to do task
self-deprecating strategies
48
want to get people to see you as a leader, as someone to be followed in thought perhaps in behavior;be persuasive to be in control, to be followed, to be the leader
influencing strategies
49
you carefully monitor what you say or do; to hide faults, to emphasize the positive and minimize the negative
self-monitoring strategies
50
if you see yourself as the life of the party, you'll tell jokes and try to amuse people; to seek reassurance of ones self-image, to be recognized for who you are
image confirming strategy to confirm self image
51
objective definition
denotation
52
its subjective or emotional meaning
connotation
53
negative face
be autonomous
54
signed; the author of the message is clearly identified, as it is in your textbooks, news related editorials, feature articles and communicating face to face, phone and chat
onymous
55
the author is not identified
anonymous
56
refers to the act of sending messages with the intention of giving another person information you believe to be false
lying
57
to achieve some good; lying
prosocial deception
58
lying to make yourself look good
self-enhancement deception
59
lying to protect yourself
selfish deception
60
lying to harm someone
antisocial deception
61
is a communication pattern in which you ignore a person's presence as well as that person's communications
disconfirmation
62
you disagree with the person; you indicate your unwillingness to accept something the other person says or does
rejecting
63
you not only acknowledge the presence of the other person, but also indicate your acceptance of the person, of this person's definition of self, and of your relationship define or viewed by this other person
confirmation
64
any language that, through a conscious or unconscious attempt by the user, places a particular racial or ethnic group in an inferior position
racist
65
expresses racial attitudes
racial language
66
involves the negative attitudes and beliefs that people hold about specific races; assumption that certain races are intellectually inferior to others or that certain races are in capable of certain achievements are clear examples of this
individual racism
67
seen in patterns; de facto school segregation, companies reluctance to hire members of minority groups and banks unwillingness to extend mortgages and business loans to members of some races or tendency to charge higher interest rates
institutionalized racism
68
consists of attitudes, behaviors, and language that disparage gay men and lesbians and includes the belief that all sexual behavior that is not heterosexual is unnatural and deserving of criticism and condemnation; beliefs that gay men or lesbians are more likely to commit crimes than are heterosexuals and to molest children than heterosexuals; gay men and lesbians cannot maintain stable relationships or effectively raise children
individual heterosexism
69
the ban on gay marriage in most states and the fact that at this time only a handful of states allow gay marriage; catholic church ban on gay priests, laws preventing adoption of children by gay men or lesbians
institutional heterosexism
70
includes derogatory terms used for lesbians and gay men
heterosexist language
71
the prejudice against other age groups
ageism
72
the general disrespect many show toward older people and in negative stereotypes about older people
individual ageism
73
seen in mandatory retirement laws and age restrictions in certain occupations
institutional ageism
74
little old lady; old hag, old timer, over the hill
ageist language
75
consists of prejudicial attitudes and beliefs about men and women based on rigid beliefs about gender roles; women caretakers, men are insensitive and only think about sex
individual sexism
76
results from customs and practices that discriminate against people because of their gender; paying women less than men for same job and discrimination against women in upper levels of management; granting child custody to women rather than men
institutional sexism
77
language that puts down someone because of his or her gender
sexist language
78
refers to a tendency to view people, objects, and events in terms of how they're talked about of labeled rather than in terms of how they actually exist
intensional orientation
79
a tendency to look first at the actual people, objects, and events and then at the labels; a tendency to be guided by what you see happening rather than by the way something or someone is talked about or labeled; view people or things as they are rather than how they are talked about their labels
extensional orientation
80
when you assume you can say all or have said all that can be said, you are into the pattern of illogical thinking; judge whole based on experience with part
allness
81
when inferences are treated as facts
fact-inference confusion
82
misevaluation; a form of stereotyping ; occurs when you focus on classes of individuals, objects or events and fail to see that each is unique and needs to be looked at individually
indiscrimination
83
is the tendency to look at the world and to describe it in terms of extremes-good or bad, positive or negative, healthy or sick, brillant or stupid, rich or poor
polarization
84
when you retain an evaluation(attitudes and beliefs) of a person, despite the inevitable changes in the person
static evaluation
85
language to talk to and about people of different groups
cultural identifiers
86
