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Test 1 Information Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sport and exercise psychology?

A

The scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise activities and the practical application of that knowledge.

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2
Q

What are the two objective of sport and exercise psychology?

A
  1. Understand the effects of psychological factors on physical and motor performance.
  2. Understand the effects of participation in physical activity on psychological development, health, and well-being
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3
Q

What are the roles of sport and exercise psychologist?

A

Research, teaching, and consulting

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4
Q

What is a clinical sport psychologist?

A

licensed psychologist trained to work with ppl with severe emotional disorders. They are trained to help athletes with problems like eating disorders and substance abuse.

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5
Q

What is an educational sport psychology specialist?

A

use mental coach approach. have training in P.E., kinesiology, exercise science, etc.

They educate and increase the athletes’ and coaches’ awareness of issues like anxiety management and confidence.

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6
Q

What is professional practice knowledge?

A

what we learn through experience, using many methods of knowing.

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7
Q

What are the ethical standards for sport and exercise psychologists?

A

competence. integrity. professional and scientific responsibility. respect for people’s rights and dignity. concern for the welfare of others. social responsibility.

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8
Q

How can you, as (future) ATCs, utilize your soon-to-be expertise in sport psychology?

A

ATCs can utilize sport psychology to understand arousal, motivation, depression during injury, etc.

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9
Q

What is a personality?

A

The sum of the characteristics that make a person unique.

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10
Q

What is the psychological core?

A

the most basic level of your personality. this includes values, interests, motives, and beliefs about yourself and self worth.

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11
Q

What is a “typical response”

A

A typical response is the ways we learn to adjust to the environment or how we usually respond to the world around us.

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12
Q

What are the two sides of the athletic identity?

A

Public vs. Private self.

The different identities we hold have expectations and meanings attached.

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13
Q

What are the three general categories of injury response?

A
  1. injury-relevant information processing
  2. Emotional upheaval and reactive behavior
  3. future outlook and coping
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14
Q

What is injury-relevant information processing?

A

the injured athlete focuses on information related to the pain of the injury; awareness of the extent of injury, and questions about how the injury happened, and the individual recognizes the negative consequences or inconvenience.

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15
Q

What is emotional upheaval and reactive behavior in an athlete after injury?

A

Once the pt. realizes that he is injured, he may become emotionally agitated; experience vacillating emotions; feel emotionally depleted; experience isolation and disconnection; and feel shock, disbelief, denial, or self-pity.

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16
Q

During an athletes’ recovery, what is the “future outlook and coping” phase?

A

The athlete accepts the injury and deals with it, initiates positive coping efforts, exhibits a good attitude and is optimistic, and is relieved to sense progress.

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17
Q

How can you help an athlete find an identity away from sport after an injury?

A 
build rapport
educate
develop mastery
teach psychological skills (goal setting, stress management, energy/arousal management, mental imagery)
refer to a professional when needed
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18
Q

Personality is….

A

the characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique

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19
Q

Typical response

A

The way one typically adjusts or responds to the environment

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20
Q

Role-related behavior

A

How one acts in a particular social situations

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21
Q

Big 5 Theroy

A 
neuroticsism 
Extroversion
Openness to experience
agreeableness
conscientiousness
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22
Q

Extraversion

A

talkative, energetic, assertive.

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23
Q

Agreeableness

A

Includes traits like sympathetic, kind, affectionate

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24
Q

Conscientiousness

A

Includes traits like organized, kind, affectionate

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25
Neuroticism
includes traits like tense, moody, anxious
26
Openness to Experience
Includes traits like having wide interests, being imaginative and insightful...
27
What is a trait?
a trait is a typical style of behavior
28
What is a state?
the situation's effect on behavior.
29
What is motivation?
The direction and intensity of effort.
30
In reference to motivation, what does direction mean?
Direction of effort refers to whether an individual seeks out, approaches, or is attracted to situations
31
In reference to motivation, what does intensity mean?
Intensity of effort refers to how much effort an individual puts forth in a situation.
32
What are the five guidelines for motivation?
1. Both situations and traits motivate people. 2. People have multiple motives for involvement. Understand why people participate in physical activity 3. Change the environment to enhance motivation 4. Leaders influence motivation directly and indirectly 5. Use behavior modification to change undesirable participant motives
33
What are some motives for involvement in a sport?
Motives change over time, motives differ across culture, people have shared and unique motives.
34
What is achievement motivation?
a person's orientation to strive for task success, persist in the face of failure, and experience pride in accomplishments.
35
What is competitiveness?
a disportion to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others.
36
What are the 4 theories of achievement motivation?
Need achievement theory, attribution theory, achievement goal theory, and competence motivation theory
37
What is the interactional motivation theory?
considers both personal and situational factors for prediction behavior.
38
What is the Attribution theory?
Attributions - how people explain their successes and failures. Stability Locus of causality locus of control
39
Locus of Causality
Internal vs. External
40
Locus of Control
In your control vs. out of your control
41
When discussing Achievement Motivation, an attribution that is an unstable factor has what expectant outcome on an athlete?
Decreased expectation of success.
42
When discussing Achievement Motivation, an attribution that is a stable factor has what expectant outcome on an athlete?
increased expectation of succcess
43
When discussing Achievement Motivation, an attribution that is from an internal cause is expected to have what emotional influence?
Increased pride or shame/
44
When discussing Achievement Motivation, an attribution is from an external cause is expected to have what emotional influence?
Decreased pride or shame
45
When discussing Achievement Motivation, an attribution that is in ones control has what factor on their emotional response?
Increased motivation
46
When discussing Achievement Motivation, an attribution that is out of one's control has what factor on their emotional response?
Decreased Motivation
47
What are the traits of high achievers?
High motivational orientation to achieve success, low motivation orientation to avoid failure, focus on the pride of success, ascribe SUCCESS to STABLE and INTERNAL factors WITHIN their control, ascribe FAILURE to UNSTABLE and EXTERNAL factors OUTSIDE their control, usually adopt TASK goals (ARMREST), perceived competence and control, seek out challenges, able competitors, and demanding tasks, and perform well in evaluative conditions.
48
What is Arousal?
blend of physiological and psychological activation's, varying in intensity along a continuum
49
What is Anxiety?
Negative emotional state with feelings of worry, nervousness , and apprehension associated with activation or arousal of the body.
50
What is state anxiety?
Right now feelings. feelings that change from moment to moment
51
What is trait anxiety?
personality disposition that is stable over time.
52
What is high-trait anxiety?
usually have more state anxiety in highly evaluative situations.
53
What are some physiological signs of anxiety?
heart rate, BP, skin conductance, biochemistry.
54
What is Stress?
imbalance between physical and psychological demands
55
What are some examples of situational anxiety?
event importance and uncertainty
56
What are some examples of personal anxiety?
trait anxiety, self-esteem, social physique anxiety
57
In reference to arousal and anxiety, what is the drive theory?
The more arousal, the better the performance.
58
What is the Inverted -U Hypothesis?
at low arousal levels, performance will be sub-par. As arousal increases, performance does too, up to an optimum point, at which further arousal hinders performance.
59
What is the ZOF?
top athletes have a zone of optimal state anxiety in which their best performance occurs.
60
Catastrophe Model
For optimal performance, and ideal physiological arousal level isn't enough; it is also necessary to manage or control worry
61
Reversal Theory
Individuals interpretation of arousal level (pleasant vs unpleasant) Pleasant facilitates performance.
62
Is Home Field Advantage a Good thing?
During the regular season, home-field advantage exists for both pro and amateur team sports and dates. However, during the playoffs, there is a proposed home-field disadvantage, but supporting evidence is mixed.
63
Signs and Symptoms (Defined)
symptom is generally subjective, sign is objective.
64
What are the signs of anxiety?
cold, clammy hands, profuse sweating, dazed look in eyes, increased muscle tension, inability to concentrate, consistently better performance in non evaluative situations.
65
What are the symptoms of anxiety?
constant need to urinate, negative self-talk, feeling ill, headache, cotton mouth, constant sickness, difficulty sleeping, butterflies.
66
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation
the presentation of children with persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme behavioral dyscontrol. It was created to address the over diagnosis of and treatment of bipolar disorder.
67
Major Depressive Disorder
Characterized by discrete episodes of at least 2 weeks duration involving clear-cut changes in affect, cognition, and neurovegetative functions and inter-episode remissions.
68
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
More chronic form of depression, can be diagnosed when the mood disturbance continues for at least 2 years in adults, or 1 year in children.
69
What are Some symptoms of a major depressive episode?
1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day. 2. markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly everyday. 3. significant weight loss. 4. insomnia or hypersomnia 5. psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly everyday 6. fatigue or loss of energy 7. feelings of worthlessness 8. diminished ability to concentrate 9. recurrent thoughts of death.
70
How many of the symptoms are needed to diagnose a Major depressive Episode?
5
71
Bipolar I Disorder
A. Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary). B. Three or more of the following: Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity Decreased need for sleep More talkative Flight of ideas Distractibility Increased goal-directed activitiy Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences. C. Sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment D. Not due to a substance or medical condition.
72
Bipolar II Disorder
Must meet criteria for current or past hypomanic episode AND criteria for current or past major depressive episode: Hypomanic similar to Manic Episode criteria A & B. C. Episode associated with an unequivocal change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the individual when not symptomatic. D. Disturbance in mood and change in functioning are observable by others E. Episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning. F. Not attributable to substance use or medical condition.
73
Cyclothymic Disorder
The diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder is given to adults who experience at least 2 years (for children, a full year) of both hypomanic and depressive periods without ever fulfilling the criteria for an episode of mania, hypomania, or major depression.
74
ADDRESSING
``` A - Age D - Disability (acquired) D - Developmental Disabilits R - Religion E - Ethnicity (descent) S - Sexual Orientation S - SES I - Indigenous Heritage (where you are born) N - Nationality (citizenship?) G - Gender - how you identify. ```

Sport Psych (2 decks)

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