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Anatomy Lecture- Exam 1 > Test 1- Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Test 1- Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does squamous mean?

A

flattened (looks like fried egg), nucleus in center

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2
Q

What does cuboidal mean?

A

same on all sides, cube shaped, nucleus centrally located

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3
Q

What does columnar mean?

A

taller than wide, nucleus in basal region

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4
Q

what does transitional mean?

A

polyhedral (many sides)

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5
Q

What does keratinized mean?

A

cell is filled with keratin and no nucleus is seen. the cell is dead

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6
Q

What does nonkeratinized mean?

A

The nucleus is see and the cell is alive. Found is areas that are moist (vagina, mouth, esophagus)

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7
Q

What feature is always used when naming columnar epithelium?

A

If it is ciliated or nonciliated

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8
Q

What feature is used when naming stratified squamous epithelium?

A

whether it is keratinized or not

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9
Q

What is muscle tissue?

A

muscle fibers that can be stimulated by neurons which contract and cause movement

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10
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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11
Q

Where is skeleton muscle at?

A

attached to bones and skin

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12
Q

What are skeletal muscle cells defining characteristics?

A

long and cylindrical, striated and multinucleated

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13
Q

What is contraction in skeletal muscle? is it voluntary or involuntary?

A

the movement of bones or skin; it is voluntary

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14
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

middle wall of heart (myocardium)

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15
Q

What are the defining characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A

y-shaped; striated with intercalated discs between cells; 1-2 nuclei

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16
Q

what happens with contraction of cardiac muscle? is it voluntary or involuntary?

A

it causes the movement of blood; it is involuntary

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17
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

the walls of most internal organs

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18
Q

What are the defining characteristics of smooth muscle cells?

A

short, wide in the middle, tapered ends; non striated; 1 nuceli

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19
Q

what happens when smooth muscle contracts? is it voluntary or involuntary?

A

movement of food, blood, semen, etc; involuntary

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20
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Diverse tissue that supports, connect, and binds

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21
Q

What are the three components of connective tissue?

A

cells, protein fiber, and ground substance

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22
Q

what are the six functions of connective tissue?

A

protection, support/structure, binding, storage, transport, and immune protection

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23
Q

What are the three ways to classify connective tissue?

A

CT Proper, Supporting CT, and Fluid CT

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24
Q

What are the two subcategories of CT Proper?

A

Loose Connective tissue and Dense Connective Tissue

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25
Q

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

A

Aerolar, adipose, and reticular

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26
Q

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

A

regular, irregular, and elastic

27
Q

What are the two subcategories of Supporting CT?

A

cartilage and bone

28
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic

29
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A

Compact and spongy

30
Q

What is considered fluid connective tissue?

A

blood

31
Q

What are resident cells in CT proper?

A

They stay within the tissue

32
Q

What are wandering cells in CT proper?

A

They wander out of the cell

33
Q

What are the four resident cells?

A

Fibroblasts, adipocytes, fixed macrophages, and mesenchymal cells

34
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

flat and tapered, produce fiber and ground substance

35
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

fat cells

36
Q

What are fixed macrophages?

A

irregular shape, trigger immune response

37
Q

What are mesenchymal cells?

A

embryonic stem cells

38
Q

what are the four example of wandering cells?

A

mast cells, plasma cells, free macrophages, and other leukocytes

39
Q

What are mast cells?

A

granulated, triggers inflammation

40
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

produce antibodies

41
Q

What are the three types of fibers in CT proper?

A

Collagen, elastic, and reticular

42
Q

What are collagen fibers?

A

long, unbranching, flexible and resistant to stretching

43
Q

What is elastic fiber?

A

Thin, wavy and can stretch/ recoil

44
Q

What is reticular fiber?

A

thin, forms a meshwork (packing material)

45
Q

What is loose CT?

A

Low protein fibers, a lot of ground substance

46
Q

What is dense CT?

A

high protein fibers, low ground substance

47
Q

What are the cells found in cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes within lacunae

48
Q

What is lacunae?

A

small spaces within the matrix

49
Q

What is the ECM like in cartilage?

A

gel-like, with collagen and elastic fibers

50
Q

What are the two characteristics of cartilage?

A

avascular, and provides support/withstands deformation

51
Q

What cells form bones?

A

osteocytes

52
Q

What is the ECM like in bone?

A

solid, mix of collagen and bone salts

53
Q

What is fluid CT?

A

blood

54
Q

What is bloods function?

A

Transport waste, nutrients, hormones, etc

55
Q

what five things is blood composed of?

A

Plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and fibrin

56
Q

What is plasma?

A

watery ground substance with protein fibers

57
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Red Blood Cells

58
Q

what are leukocytes?

A

white blood cells

59
Q

What are platelets?

A

fragment of blood cells

60
Q

what is fibrin?

A

clotting protein

61
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

allows communication and control of body functions

62
Q

What are the two cells within nervous tissue?

A

neurons and neuroglia

63
Q

What are neurons?

A

cells capable of initiating and conducting electrical activity

64
Q

What is neuroglia?

A

cells that support neurons

Anatomy Lecture- Exam 1 (8 decks)

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