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sociology 101 > Test 1 material > Flashcards

Test 1 material Flashcards

Chapter 1 (61 cards)

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1
Q

Biography

A

Individual experiences, connected to history

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2
Q

History

A

The broader context of society and how individuals were placed in society, the growth of society and it’s obligations/restrictions/events that shape the sociological chain of events

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3
Q

Troubles

A

Refer to personal struggles and private matters. Effort and attitude, difficulty brought on by individual short comings.

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4
Q

Issues

A

Large scale problems in society, not due to the individual, perhaps a lack of jobs available.

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5
Q

Globalization

A

Increase of products, goods, tech across political and geographical boundaries.

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6
Q

Glocalization

A

Modification of globalized products due to cultural preferences.

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7
Q

Conflict theory

A

A theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources.

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8
Q

Constructivism

A

An extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposed that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be.

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9
Q

Culture

A

A groups shared practices, values, and beliefs.

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10
Q

Dramaturgical Analysis

A

A technique sociologist use in which they view society through the metaphor of theatrical performance.

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11
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

A stable state in which all parts of society are healthy and work together properly.

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12
Q

Dysfunctions

A

Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society.

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13
Q

Figuration

A

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of an individual and the society that shapes that behavior.

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14
Q

Function

A

The part a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole and the contribution it makes to structural continuity.

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15
Q

Functionalism

A

A theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society.

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16
Q

Generalized Others

A

The organized and generalized attitude of a social group.

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17
Q

Grand Theories

A

An attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change

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18
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable proposition

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19
Q

Latent Functions

A

The unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process.

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20
Q

Macro-level

A

A wide-scale view of the role of social structures within a society.

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21
Q

Manifest Functions

A

Sought consequences of a social process.

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22
Q

Micro-level Theories

A

The study of specific relationships between individuals or small groups.

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23
Q

Paradigms

A

Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and experiments performed in support of them.

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24
Q

Positivism

A

The scientific study of social patterns.

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25
Qualitative Sociology
In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of data.
26
Quantitative Sociology
Statistical methods such as surveys with a large number of participants.
27
Reification
An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.
28
Significant others
Specific individuals that impact a persons life.
29
Social Facts
The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.
30
Social Institutions
Patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.
31
Social Solidarity
The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion.
32
Society
A group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact and share a common culture.
33
Sociological Imagination
The ability to understand how you own past relates to that of other people, as well as to history in general and societal structures in particular.
34
Sociology
The systematic study of society and social interaction.
35
Symbolic Interactionism
A theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication (language/symbols).
36
Theory
A proposed explanation about social interactions or society.
37
Verstehen
A German word that means to understand in a deep way.
38
Anti-positivism
The view the social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values.
39
Framework
Helps guide research question depending on the restrictions of the topic
40
Auguste Comte
The father of sociology who coined the word sociology, used the approach of positivism. Said that to understand society one has to understand the organized and disorganized states of society.
41
Herbert Spencer
2nd founder of sociology. Idea of social Darwinism: those who adapt to society survive. Flawed b/c it implies that sociological growth is evolutionary, but the wealthy are the most likely to adapt. used to justify the status quo.
42
Georg Simmel
Society is made up of a pattern of dynamics. Group interactions change due to strength, response time is increased when group size increases.
43
Karl Marx
Founded conflict theory. Wrote about philosophy/communism. Saw that society is divided into classes. Bourgeuisie: Wealthy business owners. Proletariat: Working class, labor workers. Exploitation--->class consciousness------>change---->class conflict------>utopia?
44
Emile Durkheim
Degree to which people are tied to their social groups (social integration). Human behavior can not be understood only in terms of the individual, we must examine the social forces that affect peoples lives. Four types of suicide.
45
Egoistic Suicide
Mentally ill, low socialization, depression
46
Altruistic Suicide
Suicide bombers, cult members, high social integration, obligation
47
Fatalistic Suicide
Inmates, elderly, terminally ill, oppressive social ties, helplessness
48
Anomic Suicide
Anyone who can not deal with chaos, ex: stock market crash, social unrest, disruptive social ties, insecurity
49
Max Weber
Social actions people take in response to others. TRADITIONAL, AFFECTIONATE, VALUE-RATIONAL, INSTRUMENTAL-RATIONAL
50
TRADITIONAL
Pressure, a goal because it is expected. ex: educated families
51
AFFECTIONATE
Pressures, a goal in response to an emotion
52
VALUE-RATIONAL
pressures, a goal but they follow a personal code of conduct, will not compromise/cut corners
53
INSTRUMENTAL-RATIONAL
pressure, a goal perused by the most rational means, calculated efficiency, disregard to others, end justifies the means.
54
W.E.D Du Bois
First African American to get a PhD from Harvard. Discriminated against b/c race. Coined double consciousness.
55
Double Consciousness
A state of living for African Americans during times of segregation/ discrimination, Two separate worlds one had to live in; the black world and the white world.
56
Harriet Martineau
First female sociologist. Translated work into English, wrote about sexism in America. Ignored b/c of gender
57
Jane Adams
American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator and author. She was a notable figure in the history of social work and women's suffrage in the United States and an advocate for world peace.
58
Facade to legitimacy
An explanation to justify the existing social arrangement that downplays or dismisses any possibility that the arrangement advantages some more than others.
59
Face-to-Face Interactions
linguistics, media and communication studies describing social interaction carried out without any mediating technology.
60
Symbols
Things we attach meaning to. ex: a pen is a pen because we say it is.
61
Self awareness
The ability to observe and evaluate ones self.

sociology 101 (3 decks)

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