Test 3 Material

Question 1

Case Study

Answer 1

In-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual.

Question 2

Code of Ethics

Answer 2

A set of guidelines that the American Sociological Association has established to foster ethical research and professionally responsible scholarship in Sociology.

Question 3

Content Analysis

Answer 3

Applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand.

Question 4

Correlation

Answer 4

When a change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable but does not necessarily indicate causation.

Question 5

Dependent Variables

Answer 5

A variable changed by other variables.

Question 6

Empirical evidence

Answer 6

Evidence that comes from the direct experience, scientifically gathered data, or experimentation.

Question 7

Ethnography

Answer 7

Observing a complete social setting and all it entails

Question 8

Experiment

Answer 8

The testing of a hypothesis under controlled conditions

Question 9

Feild research

Answer 9

Gathering data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey

Question 10

Hawthrone Effect

Answer 10

When a study subjects behave in a certain manner due to their awareness of being observed by a researcher.

Question 11

Hypothesis

Answer 11

A testable educated guess about predicted outcomes between two or more outcomes

Question 12

Independent Variables

Answer 12

Variables that cause changes in dependent variables

Question 13

Interpretive Framework

Answer 13

A sociological research approach that seeks an in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypthesis testing

Question 14

Interview

Answer 14

A one-on-one conversation between the researcher and the subject

Question 15

Literature review

Answer 15

A scholarly research step that entails identifying and studying all existing studies on a topic to create a basis for new research

Question 16

Meta-analysis

Answer 16

A technique in which the results of virtually all previous studies on a specific subject are evaluated together.

Question 17

Nonreactive research

Answer 17

Using secondary data does not include direct contact with subjects and will not alter or influence peoples behaviors

Question 18

Operational definitions

Answer 18

Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study

Question 19

Participant observations

Answer 19

When a researcher immerses herself in a group or social setting in order to make observations from an insider perspective

Question 20

Population

Answer 20

A defined group serving as the subject of a study

Question 21

Primary data

Answer 21

Data that is collected directly from firsthand experience

Question 22

Qualitative data

Answer 22

Comprised of data information that is subjective and often based on what is seen in a natural setting

Question 23

Quantitative data

Answer 23

Research collected in numerical form that can be counted

Question 24

Random sample

Answer 24

A study’s participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population

Question 25

Reliability

Answer 25

A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

Question 26

Samples

Answer 26

A small, manageable number of subjects that represents the population

Question 27

Scientific method

Answer 27

An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions.

Question 28

Secondary data analysis

Answer 28

Using data collected by others but applying new interpretations

Question 29

Surveys

Answer 29

Using data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire

Question 30

Validity

Answer 30

The degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study

Question 31

Value neutrality

Answer 31

A practice of remaining impartial without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.

Question 32

Global inequality

Answer 32

Concentrated resources in certain nations and is significantly affecting the opportunities of individuals in poorer and less powerful countries.

Question 33

Functionalist perspective (macro)

Answer 33

They focus on the way that all aspects of society are integral to the whole

Question 34

Conflict theory (macro)

Answer 34

The creating and reproduction of inequality, systematic inequality created by core nations who exploit resources of peripheral nations

Question 35

Symbolic interaction (Micro)

Answer 35

Day-today impact of global inequality, the meannings that individauls attach to global inequality

Question 36

Global stratification

Answer 36

The unequal distribution among nations... gaps b/w nations and gaps within nations

Question 37

Global classifications

Answer 37

Cold war classifications: (outdated) First world Second world Third world

Question 38

Immanuel Wallenstein: World Systems

Answer 38

Core nations, peripheral nations, semi-periphrial nations

Question 39

Core nations

Answer 39

Dominant capitalist countries that are highly industrialized and urbanized.

Question 40

Peripheral nations

Answer 40

Very little industrialization often have out-dated technology of core nations

Question 41

semi-peripheral nations

Answer 41

In-between nations, not powerful enough to dictate policy but have factories and the means of production and a middle class

Question 42

High-income nations

Answer 42

Gross national income at least $12,746 per capita

Question 43

Gross national income (GNI)

Answer 43

The income of the nation found by dividing the total GNI by the total population

Question 44

Capital flight

Answer 44

The movement of capital from one nation to another

Question 45

Deindustrialization

Answer 45

Occurs as a consequence of capital flight, global countries move their industry to places they can get more production with lower cost

Question 46

Slavery

Answer 46

Goes hand-in-hand w/global inequality and is any situation in which people are sold, treated as property. or forced to work for little or no pay.

Question 47

Chattel slavery

Answer 47

when one person owns another person as property

Question 48

Debt bondage

Answer 48

Bonded labor, the poor pledging themselves as slaves for basic necessities

Question 49

Low-income nations

Answer 49

GNI less than $1,045

Question 50

Lower-middle income

Answer 50

GNI $1,045-$4,125

Question 51

Upper-middle

Answer 51

GNI $4,125-$12,745

Question 52

Multinational

Answer 52

A large corporation wich both produced and sells goods or services to various countries

Question 53

Gross domestic product (DPD)

Answer 53

Measures a country's output