Test 1 Practice Questions

Question 1

Which type of sensory receptor plays a role in human vision?

Answer 1

Photoreceptors

Question 2

What part of the ear is responsible for maintaining balance by detecting head movements?

Answer 2

Vestibular System (semicircular canals)

Question 3

Which psychological factors is most likely to increase a patient’s perception of pain?

Answer 3

High levels of anxiety and depression

Question 4

Which of the following best describes Anatomy?

a) The study of how the body functions
b) The study of the structure of the body and its parts
c) The study of the cells and tissues in the body
d) The study of the nervous system

Answer 4

b) The study of the structure of the body and its parts

Question 5

Which reflex involves the quick withdrawal of a limb from a painful stimulus?

Answer 5

Flexor (withdrawal) reflex

Question 6

Which of the following levels of structural organization is the largest?

a) Organ System
b) Organ
c) Tissue
d) Cell

Answer 6

a) Organ System

Question 7

The sensory pathways that convey information about pain, temperature, and crude touch typically travel via which tract?

Answer 7

Spinothalamic tract

Question 8

The term “proximal” refers to a position that is:

Answer 8

Closer to the point of attachment or origin

Question 9

The ventral horn of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of which of the following?

a) Sensory neurons
b) Autonomic neurons
c) Motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles
d) Neurons responsible for reflexive control of the heart

Answer 9

c) Motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles

Question 10

Which body plane divides the body into right and left portions?

Answer 10

Sagittal plane

Question 11

What best describes the function of Chemoreceptors in the sensory system?

Answer 11

They detect chemicals in the environment, such as odors and tastes

Question 12

Which of the following physiological processes primarily occurs during deep (slow-wave) sleep, and why is it essential for overall health?

a) Increased sympathetic nervous system activity, which helps increase heart rate and blood pressure
b) Decreased heart rate and blood pressure, allowing the body to repair and regenerate tissues
c) Increased brain activity, which helps consolidate short-term memories into long-term memories
d) Enhanced digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 12

b) Decreased heart rate and blood pressure, allowing the body to repair and regenerate tissues

Question 13

What best describes the role of the mechanoreceptors in the skin?

Answer 13

They detect mechanical pressure, vibration, and touch stimuli

Question 14

In medical imaging, which technique uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal body structures?

Answer 14

Ultrasound

Question 15

What is the most accurate description of blood pressure?

Answer 15

Blood pressure measures the force of the blood against the arterial walls

Question 16

A 70-year-old female patient’s blood pressure is recorded at 140/80mmHg. What is the patient’s pulse pressure, and what does this measurement indicate about her cardiovascular health?

Answer 16

Pulse pressure=60mmHg;

A normal pulse pressure of 40-60mmHg suggests healthy heart function and effective circulation

Question 17

What is the primary role of the olfactory receptors in the sense of smell?

Answer 17

To detect specific chemical molecules in the air, signaling the brain

Question 18

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for the conscious perception of sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, and pain?

Answer 18

Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)

Question 19

What term describes the study of the body’s structure at a microscopic level, such as tissues and cells?

Answer 19

Histology

Question 20

Which of the following structures is primarily involved in the integration of sensory information from the body and relays this information to the cerebral cortex for further processing?

a) Thalamus
b) Cerebellum
c) Pons
d) Medulla oblongata

Answer 20

a) Thalamus

Question 21

Why does the body decrease respiratory rate when blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels drop below normal?

Answer 21

To retain carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood and maintain proper pH balance

Question 22

How does the process of vasodilation help to regulate body temperature?

Answer 22

It increases blood flow to the skin, allowing heat to be lost more effectively through radiation and convection

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of a homeostatic process?

a) Maintaining a constant body temperature
b) Digestion of food in the stomach
c) Transmission of electrical impulses along nerves
d) Production of hormones in the glands

Answer 23

a) Maintaining a constant body temperature

Question 24

What is the primary function of the posterior (dorsal) columns in the spinal cord?

Answer 24

To carry sensory information about fine touch, vibration and proprioception

Question 25

Which of the following describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology? a) Anatomy focuses on how the body words, while physiology focuses on structure b) Anatomy and physiology are completely independent fields c) Anatomy focuses on the structure of the body, while physiology focuses on how the body functions d) Anatomy studies only the human body, while physiology studies all living organisms

Answer 25

c) Anatomy focuses on the structure of the body, while physiology focuses on how the body functions

Question 26

What is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?

Answer 26

Homeostasis

Question 27

Which of the following statements accurately describes the physiology of taste?

Answer 27

Taste receptors are specialized to detect specific chemicals dissolved in saliva, and are primarily located in the taste buds

Question 28

What is the physiological explanation for why the body increases heart rate in response to a decrease in blood volume (e.g. due to dehydration)?

Answer 28

The body compensates for lower blood volume by increasing heart rate to maintain adequate cardiac output and tissue perfusion

Question 29

What is the primary purpose of the World Health Organization (WHO) pain ladder?

Answer 29

To offer a step-by-step framework for escalating pain treatment based on the severity of the pain

Question 30

Which sensory modality is associated with the somatosensory receptors found in the skin and tissues?

Answer 30

Touch

Question 31

A 60-year-old male patient has a blood pressure reading of 135/95mmHg. What might an increase in pulse pressure (the different between systolic and diastolic pressures) indicate in this patient?

Answer 31

It could indicate a stiffening of the arteries, often seen in conditions like atherosclerosis or hypertension

Question 32

In the visual system, what best describes the function of the rods in the retina?

Answer 32

They detect light intensity and are responsible for vision in low light conditions

Question 33

A 50-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension has a blood pressure of 160/88 mmHg. What is the patient's Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), and why is it an important indicator of tissue perfusion? *Formula: MAP= Diastolic BP + (Systolic-Diastolic BP)/3

Answer 33

MAP=112mmHg; MAP helps assess the average pressure in the arteries during a single cardiac cycle, important for tissue perfusion

Question 34

Which of the following is a requirement for human life? a) Absence of disease b) Oxygen c) Ability to think d) Ability to move

Answer 34

Oxygen

Question 35

How does the circadian rhythm affect sleep-wake cycles, and what role does the hormone melatonin play in this process?

Answer 35

The circadian rhythm is influenced by the 24-hour light-dark cycle, and melatonin helps promote sleep by signaling the body to prepare for rest

Question 36

In the sensory processing of tactile stimuli, which cortical area of the brain is primarily responsible for receiving and processing touch information?

Answer 36

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 37

Which structure is primarily responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain?

Answer 37

Cochlea

Question 38

Why does the body increase heart rate in response to physical activity?

Answer 38

To circulate more oxygen to the tissues and remove metabolic waste products more efficiently

Question 39

Which of the following psychological factors can significantly influence an individual's perception of pain? a) The level of physical activity b) Past experiences and emotional state c) The presence of external stimuli such as light or sound d) The type of food consumed

Answer 39

b) Past experiences and emotional state

Question 40

The process by which light is focused on the retina to form clear images in primarily facilitated by which structure in the eye?

Answer 40

Cornea