Week 1: Foundations of Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What is gross anatomy?
The study of larger structures visible without magnification
What is microscopic anatomy?
The study of structures observed only with the use of a microscope/magnification device.
(EX. Cytology=cell, Histology=tissues)
What is regional anatomy?
The study of interrelationships of all structures in a specific body region such as the abdomen.
What is systemic anatomy?
The study of structures that make up a discrete body system (muscular, digestive).
What is physiology?
The study of how structures of the body work together to supper the functions of life.
What are the 6 levels of organization in the human body?
- Chemical level
- Cellular level
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- Organ system level
- Organism level
What does the integumentary system do?
Encloses internal structures and the site of many sensory receptors.
EX. Skin
What does the skeletal system do?
Supports the body and enables movement.
EX. Bones
What does the muscular system do?
Enables movement and helps to maintain body temperature.
EX. Muscles
What does the nervous system do?
Detects and processes sensory information and activates bodily responses.
EX. Nerves
What does the endocrine system do?
Secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes.
What does the cardiovascular system do?
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, and equalizes temperature in the body.
What does the lymphatic system do?
Returns fluid to blood and defends against pathogens.
What does the respiratory system do?
Removes CO2 from the body and delivers O2 to the blood.
What does the digestive system do?
Processes food for use by the body, and removes waste from undigested foods.
What does the urinary system do?
Controls water balance in the body, and removes wastes from blood and excretes them.
What does the MALE reproductive system do?
Produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female.
What does the FEMALE reproductive system do?
Produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, and produces milk for the infant.
Why is oxygen essential to human survival?
It is a keep component in chemical reactions that keep the body alive such as making ATP.
No O2 for 5 min = brain damage
No O2 for 10 min = probable death
Why is water essential to human survival?
- Body functional chemical are dissolved and transported in water.
- The necessary chemical reactions of the body take place in water.
- It is the largest component of cells, blood, and cellular fluids, regulates internal temperature, and cushions, protects, and lubricates joints and other body structures.
Why are energy-yielding/body-building nutrients essential to human survival?
- Primarily carbohydrates and lipids, proteins provide amino acids that act as building blocks.
Why are micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) essential to human survival?
- Vitamins and minerals participate in many essential chemical reactions and processes (nerve impulses) and can contribute to the body’s structure.
What is homeostasis and its importance to human functioning?
A physiological value around where normal range fluctuates and is certain values in which the body remains optimally healthy and stable.
EX. Normal body temp, BP, pH levels, blood glucose levels.
What is negative feedback?
A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point.
