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Intro To Anatomy & Physiology > TEST 1 Practice Questions > Flashcards

TEST 1 Practice Questions Flashcards

From Michael's handout

1
Q

All cells develop from one fertilized egg called the _________.

A

Zygote

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2
Q

The term ________ is used to describe the early stages of growth, from conception to the eighth week of pregnancy.

A

Embryo

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3
Q

__________ the tendency of a living organism to keep the internal environment similar despite any changes in the conditions around it.

A

Homeostasis

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4
Q

The ___________ system is the system of glands, each of which secretes different types of hormones.

A

Endocrine

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5
Q

__________substances released from endocrine glands into the bloodstream where they travel to target tissue and generate a response.

A

Hormone

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6
Q

Your daily biological cycles are called __________rhythms.

A

Circadian

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7
Q

__________ provides a covering for most of the external surfaces of the body.

A

Epithelium

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8
Q

___ - is a prefix meaning above or over.

A

Epi

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9
Q

The term ___________ denotes “without blood vessels”.

A

Avascular

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10
Q

Nerve cells are called ___________.

A

Neuron(s)

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11
Q

Connective tissue has a relatively large amount of non-living intercellular substances called _______.

A

Matrix

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12
Q

The ___________is also called the collar bone.

A

Clavicle

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13
Q

The 5 digits contain bones called _______.

A

Phalanges

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14
Q

The bones of the wrist are called _____ bones.

A

Carpals

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15
Q

The___________ are the bones of the palm.

A

Metacarpals

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16
Q

The tunnel of Guyon allows passage of the ___ nerve.

A

Ulnar

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17
Q

A(n) ___________ connects bone to bone.

A

Ligament

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18
Q

A(n)___________is a set of signs and symptoms that appear together and characterize a disease or medical condition.

A

Syndrome

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19
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a medical condition due to compression of the _________nerve as it travels through the wrist.

A

Median

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20
Q

Numbness and tingling is referred to as _____________.

A

Paresthesia

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21
Q

When a part of the body diminishes due to lack of use the process is called ________.

A

Atrophy

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22
Q

You have 7 __________ (neck) vertebrae.

A

Cervical

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23
Q

C1 is also called the _____

A

Atlas

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24
Q

There are 12 ________ vertebrae.

A

Thoracic

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25
Q

There are 5 ______vertebrae.

A

Lumbar

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26
Q

The _______is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spinal column, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones.

A

Sacrum

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27
Q

A(n) ______ a bone forming cell.

A

OsteoBlast

28
Q

A (n)_________is any cell that ingests foreign particles, bacteria, or cell debris.

A

Phagocyte

29
Q

A(n) ________remodels bones.

A

OsteoClast

30
Q

A joint is also known as an _______________.

A

Articulation

31
Q

_______ fluid is a viscous fluid that lubricates the articular surfaces of a joint.

A

Synovial

32
Q

The suffix -____ means inflammation.

A

-itis

33
Q

__________ is a disorder in which the bones become increasingly porous, brittle, and subject to fracture.

A

Osteoporosis

34
Q

______________ is an excessive outward curvature of the spine.

A

Kyphosis

35
Q

In the progression of rheumatoid arthritis, an abnormal tissue called ________ forms and erodes articular cartilage. This results in the fusion of the bone ends.

A

Pannus

36
Q

_____ junctions are a specialized intercellular connection which allow various molecules, ions, and electrical impulses to directly pass between cells.

A

Gap

37
Q

Chaotic contractions across the heart are referred to as _______.

A

fibrillation

38
Q

Hollow organs of the body except the heart are called __________.

A

viscera

39
Q

__________ is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract.

A

peristalsis

40
Q

A ________ fibre is a non-living product of a cell that is a key part of connective tissue matrix.

A

collagen

41
Q

A(n) _______is connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

A

tendon

42
Q

A(n)__________is a connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

A

ligament

43
Q

A(n) _______is an injury to a ligament that involves a stretching or a tearing of this tissue.

A

sprain

44
Q

A(n) ______is an injury to either a muscle or a tendon.

A

strain

45
Q

__________ is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging.

A

sarcopenia

46
Q

The suffix -_______means pain

A

-algia

47
Q

__________ is a term denoting the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.

A

neuroplasticity

48
Q

________ are also called nerve cells.

A

neurons

49
Q

A(n)__________ is an extension of the neuron that carries signals away from its cell body.

A

axon

50
Q

A(n) _________ is an extension of the neuron that carries signals towards its cell body.

A

dendrite

51
Q

A bundle of axons in the PNS is called a(n) _________.

A

nerve

52
Q

_________ is a white, fatty material that insulates axons.

A

myelin

53
Q

The __________is the site of communication between two neurons.

A

synapse

54
Q

A(n) __________is the “messenger” molecule that moves from one neuron to the next.

A

neurotransmitter

55
Q

The __________ lobe is where conscious movement of skeletal muscles takes place.

A

frontal

56
Q

The __________ lobe is where touch analysis takes place.

A

parietal

57
Q

The ___________ lobe is where auditory (hearing) analysis takes place.

A

temporal

58
Q

The _________lobe is where visual analysis takes place.

A

occipital

59
Q

Impaired cerebral blood supply often leads to brain damage and is called a(n) _______.

A

stroke

60
Q

The __________are the connective tissue coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

A

meninges

61
Q

The __________ nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that connect to the brain.

A

cranial

62
Q

A(n)________nerve carries signals, to and from the CNS.

A

mixed

63
Q

The ___________ nervous system division controls skeletal muscles.

A

somatic

64
Q

The ___________nervous system division controls the heart, smooth muscles, and glands.

A

autonomic

65
Q

The __________ nervous system controls digestion.

A

Enteric

Intro To Anatomy & Physiology (7 decks)

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