TEST 2 Practice Questions

Question 1

A(n) ____________ is a microscopic blood vessel that allows materials to leave and enter the circulatory system.

Answer 1

capillary

Question 2

A(n) ___________ is a cylindrical muscle that controls the diameter of a body passage or orifice.

Answer 2

sphincter

Question 3

Red blood cells contain_______________ a protein that transports oxygen.

Answer 3

hemoglobin

Question 4

___________ are cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

Answer 4

platelets

Question 5

____________ is the process of stoppage of bleeding from a blood vessel.

Answer 5

hemostasis

Question 6

Part of your ability to stop bleeding involves the release of _________ which causes a sustained contraction of vascular smooth muscle.

Answer 6

serotonin

Question 7

__________ is another word for clotting.

Answer 7

Coagulation

Question 8

__________ is the component of blood that includes substances not used in blood clotting.

Answer 8

Serum

Question 9

Another word for bleeding is______________.

Answer 9

hemorrhage

Question 10

An ____________ is a piece of the clot that has broken away.

Answer 10

embolus

Question 11

Deep vein__________ occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein.

Answer 11

thrombosis

Question 12

A(n) ___________is a sac-like enlargement of a blood vessel caused by a weakening of its wall.

Answer 12

aneurysm

Question 13

_________ refers to any condition in which the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is reduced.

Answer 13

anemia

Question 14

__________ is a bluish hue to the skin, gums, fingernails, or mucous membranes caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood.

Answer 14

cyanosis

Question 15

__________ is an accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in a body area.

Answer 15

edema

Question 16

____________ are the inferior, discharging chambers of the heart.

Answer 16

ventricles

Question 17

______ junctions allow action potentials to pass from one heart cell to another adjacent cell and allow the heart cells to contract in unison.

Answer 17

gap

Question 18

A(n) _______ pacemaker is any pacemaker in the heart other than the Sinoatrial node.

Answer 18

ectopic

Question 19

Contraction of the ventricles is called ________.

Answer 19

systole

Question 20

Relaxation of the ventricles is called ____________.

Answer 20

diastole

Question 21

______- is the word root for fast.

Answer 21

tachy

Question 22

______- is the word root for slow.

Answer 22

brady

Question 23

__________ capillaries provide oxygen to all the body’s cells.

Answer 23

systemic

Question 24

The pulmonary___________ carry blood to the lungs, where oxygen is picked up.

Answer 24

arteries

Question 25

The ___________ arteries feed the myocardium.

Answer 25

coronary

Question 26

_______ is a critical condition caused by a sudden drop in blood flow through the body for any number of reasons including cardiac arrest.

Answer 26

shock

Question 27

Decreased urine flow is referred to as _____________.

Answer 27

oliguria

Question 28

Essential hypertension also called ______ hypertension.

Answer 28

primary

Question 29

A pathology that has no identifiable cause is called __________.

Answer 29

idiopathic

Question 30

A(n) _____________ is a sensory nerve ending in some large blood vessels for monitoring the amount of blood going to your brain.

Answer 30

baroreceptor

Question 31

The common ______ artery of the neck is an important artery in your neck.

Answer 31

carotid

Question 32

___________ is a condition that involves various substances forming plaque on the inner lining of arterial walls.

Answer 32

atherosclerosis

Question 33

A (n)________ is a region in an organ that has suffered damage.

Answer 33

lesion

Question 34

________ pectoris is a severe constricting pain in the chest.

Answer 34

angina

Question 35

__________ necrosis refers to death that is due to a lack of oxygen as a result of an obstruction of the tissue's blood supply.

Answer 35

ischemic

Question 36

Myocardial________ is commonly known as heart attack.

Answer 36

infarction

Question 37

The stratum ________is the outer layer of the epidermis.

Answer 37

corneum

Question 38

_________is a tough, insoluble protein that is the main constituent of hair and, nails.

Answer 38

keratin

Question 39

The stratum _____ aka stratum germinativum is the deepest layer of the epidermis, composed of dividing stem cells and anchoring cells.

Answer 39

basale

Question 40

______ is an insoluble dark pigment that helps protect the skin against the sun.

Answer 40

melanin

Question 41

A common mole is also called a(n) ___________.

Answer 41

nevus

Question 42

_______ glands are sweat glands that are densest in palm and sole.

Answer 42

eccrine

Question 43

_______ lubricates hair and skin, prevents excessive water evaporation, and inhibits the growth of certain bacteria.

Answer 43

sebum

Question 44

A boil, also called a _________, is an infection of a hair follicle.

Answer 44

furuncle

Question 45

Individual boils clustered together are called___________.

Answer 45

carbuncle

Question 46

___________ is the branch of medicine dealing with the treatment of cancer.

Answer 46

oncology

Question 47

___________ means extremely dangerous or harmful

Answer 47

malignant

Question 48

__________ is the spread of a disease process from one part of the body to another.

Answer 48

metastasis

Question 49

The suffix -_______ is used to form names of tumors

Answer 49

-oma

Question 50

The_________ gland is the largest of the salivary glands situated on each side of the face below and in front of the ear.

Answer 50

parotid

Question 51

The __________ are your upper jaw bones.

Answer 51

maxillae

Question 52

The ___________ is a powerful muscle of mastication that attaches to the cheek bone and the lateral surface of the mandible.

Answer 52

masseter

Question 53

The Sternocleidomastoid attaches to the mastoid process of the ________ bone.

Answer 53

temporal bone

Question 54

-______ is a suffix that means likeness.

Answer 54

-oid

Question 55

The ______refers to your throat.

Answer 55

pharynx

Question 56

The ________ produces hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar.

Answer 56

pancreas

Question 57

________ ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach.

Answer 57

peptic

Question 58

_________hernia specifically means that a portion of the stomach has moved into the chest cavity.

Answer 58

hiatal

Question 59

________ are any of the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase its ability to absorb, secrete, or exchange materials.

Answer 59

villi

Question 60

The beginning of the large intestine is called the_______.

Answer 60

cecum

Question 61

___________ are small, bulging pouches that are found most often in the lower region of the colon.

Answer 61

diverticula

Question 62

___________ or non-specific immunity is the defense system with which you were born.

Answer 62

innate

Question 63

________ refers to any substance foreign to the body that evokes an immune response.

Answer 63

antigen

Question 64

A(n)__________ is anything that causes a disease.

Answer 64

pathogen

Question 65

The____________ period is the interval between exposure to an infectious organism and the clinical appearance of disease.

Answer 65

latent

Question 66

___________ attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen.

Answer 66

antibodies

Question 67

T cells release chemicals, known as _________, which control the entire immune response.

Answer 67

cytokines

Question 68

When tissues are injured, they release chemicals including__________ which cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissue spaces.

Answer 68

histamine

Question 69

____________ is the process in which white blood cells "eat" microorganisms and dead or damaged cells.

Answer 69

phagocytosis

Question 70

______ is formed from a collection of dead tissue, dead bacteria, and live and dead phagocytes.

Answer 70

pus

Question 71

A(n) ______ is an exaggerated immune response to substances that are generally not harmful.

Answer 71

allergy

Question 72

______________ is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen.

Answer 72

anaphylaxis

Question 73

________ usually contains mucus with virus, bacteria, other debris, and sloughed-off inflammatory cells.

Answer 73

phlegm

Question 74

Once phlegm has been expectorated by a cough, it becomes ________.

Answer 74

sputum

Question 75

A(n)__________ is a prominent oval mass of lymphoid tissue on each side of the throat.

Answer 75

tonsil

Question 76

The_________ is a gland lying behind the breastbone that aids in the production of T cells.

Answer 76

thymus