Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathophysiology > Test 1 stuff (bruzz) > Flashcards

Test 1 stuff (bruzz) Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Somatic Death Stages

A

Pallor Mortis
Algor Mortis
Rigor Mortis
Livor Mortis
Putrefaction
Decomposition
Skeletonization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is pallor mortis?

A

Skin becomes pale and yellowish
Except in carbon monoxide poisoning, drowning, chloroform poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Algor Mortis?

A

Decrease in body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Rigor Mortis?

A

Stiffening of muscles
Begins at around 0-8 hours after death
Peaks at around 8-12 hours from onset
Muscle flexibility returns after 24 to 36 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Livor Mortis?

A

Gravity causes blood to settle in dependent anatomically low areas
Blue- purple discoloration of the skin over these regions
Pupils dilate
Blood and fluids drain from face, nose, and chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is putrefaction?

A

Tissues and organs of the body break down into gaseous and liquid matter about 24-48 hours after death
SWELLING AND BLOATING OF BODY STRUCTURES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s decomposition?

A

Organic matter of the body is broke down into elemental matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Fight bacteria infections
50-73% of the total WBC
Immature neutrophils are called band cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are eosinophils?

A

Combat parasites and allergic reactions
Release histaminase to inactivate histamine during allergic reactions to minimize inflammatory reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do basophils do?

A

Release histamine during allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Includes B, T, and Natural Killer Cells
These are the main functional cells of the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do monocytes do?

A

Transform into macrophages
Largest WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the life span of platelets?

A

7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can cause anemia?

A

Impaired erythrocyte production
Acute or chronic blood loss
Increased erythrocyte destruction
Combination of all deez

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is macrocytic normochromic anemia and what are some examples?

A

Large and abnormally shaped erythrocytes and normal hemoglobin levels

Pernicious Anemia: B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is microcytic hypochromic anemia and what are some examples?

A

Small and abnormal shaped erythrocytes and reduced hemoglobin levels

Iron deficiency anemia
Sideroblastic Anemia
Thalassemia
Posthemmorage anemia
Hemolytic Anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Chronic inflammation anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s sideroblastic anemia?

A

Caused by congenital or aquired dysfunction or iron metabolism in erythroblasts
Prevents body from using iron correctly to make new erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is hemolytic anemia?

A

Caused by increased fragility of erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s sickle cell anemia?

A

Caused by abnormal cell shape with susceptibility to damage, lysis, and phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What suffix determines erythrocyte size?

A

-ic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What suffix determines hemoglobin content?

A

-chromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are symptoms of anemia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dyspnea
Pallor
Fatigue
Can cause hypoxia

23
Q

Manifestations of pernicious anemia

Study These Flashcards
A

Hemoglobin 7-8
Big on neurological symptoms
Loss of position, vibration sense, ataxia, spasticity; THESE ARE NOT REVERSIBLE
Skin may become lemon yellow (Sallow)
Treatment is life long B12 therapy

24
Q

Manifestations of folate acid anemia

Study These Flashcards
A

More common in Alcoholics brah
Cheilosis(inflammation and cracking of lips)
Stomatitis
Painful ulcerations of buccal mucosa
Tongue is sore and beefy red

25
What's Pancytopenia?
LOW EVERYTHING Hemoglobin low (less than 12/13 for for women and men) Platelets less than 150k Leukocytes less than 4k Low RBC
26
What is bilirubin a good indicator of?
Rate of RBC Breakdown
27
What is Polycythemia?
Overproduction of RBC Relative Absolute (Has primary and secondary)
28
What is relative polycythemia?
Results from hemoconcentration of blood associated with anemia (blood thickens/ becomes concentrated) May be caused by decreased water intake, diarrhea, excessive vomiting, increased use of diuretics HCT and HgB go up
29
What is Primary Polycythemia?
A blood cancer that's slow growing where bone marrow makes too much RBC Males more common to get it More common in white folk, males of Eastern European Jewish ancestry Thick, sticky blood and engorgment of retinal and cerebral veins Death from cerabral thrombosis is very high possibility Painful itching that gets worse with heat or water Phlebotomy is a common therapy
30
What is secondary polycythemia?
Physiologic response resulting from erythropoietin secretion caused by HYPOXIA Usually people living in higher altitude. smokers with higher CO, individuals with COPD Can be caused by inappropriate secretion of erythropoietin by certain tumors Is the most common of the 2
31
What is Hemochromatosis?`
Iron overload disorder Buildup of iron in organs that can cause organ damage Is more systemic Is genetic or from chronic iron intake
32
What is hemosiderosis?
Buildup of iron in cells and can cause brownish skin discoloration Is more localized
33
What is leukocytosis?
High leukocyte count A normal response to physiologic stressors like invading organisms, strenous exercise, emotional changes, temp changes, surgery and anesthesia
34
What is leukopenia?
Low leukocyte count Is never normal and is defined as less than 4k WBC May be caused by radiation, anaphylactic shock, autoimmune disease
35
What is granulocytosis? (neutrophilia)
An increase in granulocytes such as basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils) Occurs in early stages of infection or inflammation and is established when the absolute counts exceed 7500
36
What can cause granulocytosis?
Physiologic: During exercise, extreme hot or cold, third trimester pregnancy, emotional distress Caused by drugs or chemicals Epinephrine, steroids, heparin, histamine, endotoxin Metabolic: diabetes (acidosis), eclampsia, gout, thyroid storm
37
What[s the shift to the left phenomenon?
Microscopic destruction or disproportionate numbers of immature leukocytes in peripheral blood smears Pretty much an increase of immature leukocytes Is in granulocytosis
38
What is neutropenia?
Reduce circulating neutrophils Neutrophil count less than 2k May be caused by an increased destruction like Splenemogaly, hemodialysis, and autoimmune disease Decreased marrow production is another cause Starvation and anorexia can cause
39
What is eosinophillia?
Increase in circulating eosinophils (more than 450) Triggered by hypersensitive reactions like asthma, hay fever, parasite infections, and some drugs
40
What is infectious mononucleosis ?
Most the time is caused by Epstein Barr Virus 10% of the time caused by cytomegalovirus Remains in B cells for life after infected with EBV
41
What is lymphadenopathy?
Enlargement of the lymph nodes Can be caused by neoplastic disease, immunologic or inflammatory conditions, endocrine disorders, lipid diseases
42
What are the lymphomas?
Hodgkins and Nonhodkins Burkitt Lymphoblastic
43
What's hodgkins lymphoma?
Presence of Reed Sternberg cells Higher chance in males and in white people Localized to a single axial group of nodes Symptoms can include drenching night sweats, itchy skin, fatigue, and weight loss Anemia is often found in people with dis
44
What's nonhidkins lymphoma?
B cell neoplasms and T cell/ NK cell neoplasms (AKA tumors) No reed sternberg cells Hepatomegaly is common
45
What's burkitt lymphoma?
Highly aggressive and fast growing tumor Usually from Africa Linked to Epstein Barr virus
46
What is lymphoblastic lymphoma?
Relatively rare T cell non hodgkin In children Painless lymphadenopathy of the neck and possibly chest
47
What is gangrene?
Type of necrosis When considerable mass of tissue undergo necrosis Results from severe hypoxia
48
What is dry gangrene?
Typically results from coagulative necrosis Skin becomes dry, shriveled , and skin becomes brown or black
49
What is wet gangrene?
More lethal Develops secondary to necrotizing bacterial infections with gram positive cocci
50
What is acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
Too many lymphoblasts
51
What is acute Myelogenous Leukemia?
Too many myeloblasts Often happens in post chemotherapy ppl Bone pain Lymph node enlargement
52
What is chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Can be caused by ionization
53
What's chronic lymphocytic?
Most common in western world Involves malignant transformation and accumulation of B lymphocytes

Pathophysiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions