TEST Flashcards
<p>Splenius Cervicis ORIGIN</p>
<p>SPs T3-T6</p>
<p>Splenius Cervicis INSERTION</p>
<p>TPs C1-C3</p>
<p>Slenius Capitis ORIGIN</p>
<p>Inferior 1/2 of Ligamentum Nuchae</p>
<p>SPs C7-T4</p>
<p>Splenius Capitis INSERTION</p>
<p>Mastoid Process</p>
<p>Lateral portion of superior nuchal line</p>
<p>ACTION of Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis</p>
<p>Unilaterally - Rotate the head and neck to the same side</p>
<p>AND Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side</p>
<p>Bilaterally - Extend the head and neck</p>
<p>SCM ORIGIN</p>
<p>STERNAL HEAD:</p>
<p>Top of Manubrium</p>
<p>CLAVICULAR HEAD:</p>
<p>Medial 1/3 of clavicle</p>
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<p>SCM INSERTION</p>
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<p>Both heads:Mastoid Process of temporal bone and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput</p>
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<p>ACTION of SCM</p>
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<p>UNILATERALLY: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side AND rotate the head and neck to the opposite sideBILATERALLY: Flex the neck AND assist to elevate the rib cage during inhalation</p>
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<p>Levator Scapula ORIGIN</p>
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<p>TPs C1-C4</p>
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<p>Levator Scapula- INSERTION</p>
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<p>Medial border of scapula between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula</p>
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<p>ACTION of Levator scapula</p>
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<p>UNILATERALLY: - Elevate the scapula- Downwardly rotate the scapula- Laterally flex the head and neck to the same sideBILATERALLY: Extend the head and neck</p>
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<p>Trapezius ORIGIN</p>
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<p>- EOP - Medial superior Nuchal line of occiput- ligamentum nuchae - SPs C7-T12</p>
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<p>Trapezius INSERTION</p>
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<p>- Lateral 1/3 of clavicle - Acromion - Spine of Scapula- Tubercle of spine of scapula</p>
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<p>UPPER Trapezius ACTION</p>
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<p>Extend head and neckLaterally flex head and neck to the same sideRotate head and neck to opposite sideElevate the scapula Upward rotation of scapula</p>
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<p>MIDDLE Trapezius ACTION</p>
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<p>Adduct the scapula Stabilize scapula</p>
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<p>LOWER Trapezius ACTION</p>
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<p>Depress scapulaUpward rotation of scapula</p>
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<p>Rhomboids MAJOR - ORIGIN</p>
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<p>SPs T2-T5</p>
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<p>Rhomboids Minor - ORIGIN</p>
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<p>SPs C7-T1</p>
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<p>Rhomboids Major - INSERTION</p>
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<p>Medial border of scapula between the spine of scapula and inferior angle</p>
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<p>Rhomboids Minor - INSERTION</p>
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<p>Upper portion of medial border of scapula across from spine of scapula</p>
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<p>Rhomboids Major & Minor - ACTION</p>
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<p>- Adduct the scapula- Elevate the scapula- Downward rotation of scapula</p>
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<p>What is the definition of NMT?</p>
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<p>A system of bodywork that affects muscle tone through sensory feedback in order to treat soft tissue pain and dysfunction</p>
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<p>What three techniques are used during NMT?</p>
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<p>- Gliding- Friction- Static/Ischemic compression to individual muscles</p>
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<p>What is ISCHEMIA?</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Local decrease in blood supply- A state in which the current O2 supply is inadequate for the current physiological needs of the tissue</p>
What is Hypertonicity?
Greater than normal muscle tone
What are Trigger Points?
A localized area of deep tenderness that MAY produce referred pain - often in a PREDICTABLE area when overloaded or under direct digital pressure
What is a TAUGHT BAND?
The group of taught muscle fibers associated with a myofascial triggerpoint - identifiable by palpation
What is POSTURAL DISTORTION?
The result of imbalance in the musculoskeletal system caused by hypertonicity and gravity. This can cause shortened or lengthened muscles
Postural Analysis
Muscles can be identified as LOCKED SHORT or LOCKED LONG based on posture. Therapists can then treat the LOCKED SHORT muscles as a means of balancing posture
Nerve entrapment
Constriction or mechanical distortion of a nerve within a fibrous, fibrocartilage-osseous tunnel or taught band which in turn interferes with nerve conduction
Difference between Swedish Massage and NMT
- Swedish Massage has a goal of RELAXATION - NMT has a goal of PAIN RELIEF
What is PALPATION
To assess the body through touch
What do we palpate?
Specific individual muscles
What are we feeling for during palpation
- Hypertonicity- Reaction- Trigger Points
How much pressure should you use to find trigger points?
- Just enough to elicit a referred sensation- Use a scale of 1-10 aiming for 7
What is the PROTOCOL for NMT technique
ASSESS - Evaluate what they are saying and how they are walking and holding themselves (posture)GENERAL GLIDE - warm up the muscle region with effleurage SPECIFIC GLIDE - STATIC PRESSURE / TRIGGER POINT RELEASE - use the “wave” to SLOWLY stretch the myofascial tissue until you find a point of pain then use STATIC PRESSURE and a pain scale until you reach 7Ask if you can use more pressure?Have the client BREATH deep for 10-12 seconds. Re-evaluate pain scaleTreat twice
O. I. A. R. stands for
ORIGININSERTION ACTIONR = Functional Anatomy - Related muscles and structures
How you should define the pain scale (don’t call it a pain scale to the client)
Less than 5: I definitely need more pressure 5: that feels good. No discomfort 6: mild discomfort 7: moderate discomfort 7.5: strong sensation but no impulse to withdraw 8: impulse to withdraw, pain, inability to relax into the technique
Deltoids ORIGIN
- Lateral 1/3 clavicle - Acromion - Spine of scapula
Deltoids INSERTION
Deltoid Tuberosity
Deltoids ACTION ANTERIOR Fibers
- Flex shoulder- Medially rotate- Horizontally Adduct
Deltoid ACTIONALL Fibers
Abduct shoulder
Deltoid Action POSTERIOR Fibers
- Extend shoulder- Laterally rotate shoulder- Horizontally abduct
Triceps Brachii ORIGIN Long head
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Triceps Brachii
ORIGIN
LATERAL HEAD
Posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of humerus
Triceps Brachii ORIGIN
MEDIAL HEAD
Posterior surface of distal 1/2 of the humerus
Triceps Brachii INSERTION
Olecranon process of ulna
Triceps Brachii ACTION ALL HEADS
Extend the shoulder
Triceps Brachii ACTIONS LONG HEAD
- Extend the shoulder - Adduct the shoulder
Extensor carpi radialis LONGUS ORIGIN
Distal 1/3 of lateral supercondylar ridge of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis BREVIS ORIGIN
Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis LONGUS INSERTION
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Extensor carpi radialis BREVIS INSERTION
Base of 3rd metacarpal
Extensor carpi radialis LONGUS AND BREVIS ACTIONS
- Extend the wrist- Abduct the wrist
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris ORIGIN
Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor carpi ulnaris INSERTION
Base of 5th metacarpal
Extensor carpi ulnaris ACTIONS
- Extend the wrist- Adduct the wrist
Extensor digitorum ORIGIN
Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor digitorum INSERTION
Bases of middle and distal phalanges of 2-5 fingers
Extensor Digitorum ACTION
Extend 2-5 fingers
Flexor Carpi Radialis ORIGIN
Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor Carpi Radialis INSERTION
Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Flexor Carpi Radialis ACTIONS
- FLEX the wrist
- ABDUCT the wrist
Palmaris Longus ORIGIN
Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
Palmaris Longus INSERTION
Flexor Retinaculum and palmaris aponeurosis
Palmaris Longus ACTIONS
TENSE the palmar fascia
FLEX the wrist
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ORIGIN
HUMERAL HEAD
Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ORIGIN ULNAR HEAD
Posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris INSERTION
- Pisiform
- Hook of the Hamate
- Base of 5th metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ACTIONS
- FLEX the wrist
- ADDUCT the wrist
SUPRASPINATUS ORIGIN
Supraspinous Fossa of the scapula
SUPRASPINATUS INSERTION
Greater tubercle of Humerus
SUPRASPINATUS ACTION
ADDUCT the shoulder
Stabilize the humerus
INFRASPINATUS ORIGIN
Infraspinous Fossa of the scapula
INFRASPINATUS INSERTION
Greater tubercle of humerus
INFRASPINATUS ACTION
Laterally rotate the shoulder
SUBSCAPULARIS ORIGIN
Subscapularis fossa of scapula
SUBSCAPULARIS INSERTION
Lesser tubercle of humerus
SUPSCAPULARIS ACTION
Medially rotate the shoulder
Stabilize the humerus
SUPRASPINATUS ORIGIN
Supraspinous Fossa of the scapula
SUPRASPINATUS INSERTION
Greater tubercle of Humerus
SUPRASPINATUS ACTION
ADDUCT the shoulder
Stabilize the humerus
INFRASPINATUS ORIGIN
Infraspinous Fossa of the scapula
INFRASPINATUS INSERTION
Greater tubercle of humerus
INFRASPINATUS ACTION
Laterally rotate the shoulder
TERES MINOR ORIGIN
Upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula
TERES MINOR INSERTION
Greater tubercle of humerus
TERES MINOR ACTION
Laterally rotate the shoulder
ADDUCT the shoulder
Stabilize the head of humerus
SUBSCAPULARIS ORIGIN
Subscapularis fossa of scapula
SUBSCAPULARIS INSERTION
Lesser tubercle of humerus
SUPSCAPULARIS ACTION
Medially rotate the shoulder
Stabilize the humerus
Teres Major ORIGIN
Inferior Angle and
lower 1/3 of the lateral border of scapula
Teres Major INSERTION
Crest of the lesser tubercle of humerus - medial lip
Teres Major Action
Extend the shoulder
Adduct the shoulder
Medially rotate the shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi ORIGIN
Inferior angle of scapula
SPs of last 6 thoracic vertebrae
Last 3-4 ribs
Latissimus Dorsi INSERTION
Intertubercular Groove of humerus
Latissimus Dorsi ACTION
Extend the shoulder
Adduct the shoulder
Medially rotate the shoulder
Pectoralis Major ORIGIN
Medial 1/2 of clavicle
Sternum
Cartilage of ribs 1-6
Pectoralis Major INSERTION
Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Pectoralis Major ACTION
ALL FIBERS:
Adduct shoulder
Medially rotate shoulder
UPPER FIBERS:
Flex shoulder
Horizontal Adduction
LOWER FIBERS:
Extend Shoulder
Pectoralis Minor ORIGIN
Ribs 3-5
Pectoralis Minor INSERTION
Medial surface of coracoid process of scapula
Pectoralis Minor ACTION
Depress scapula
Abduct scapula
Downwardly rotate scapula
Serratus Anterior INSERTION
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Serratus Anterior ACTION
Abduct scapula
Upwardly rotate scapula
Depress scapula
Hold the medial border of scapula against rib cage
Quadratur Lumbotum ORIGIN
Last rib
TPs of lumbar vertebrae 1-4
Quadratus Lumborum INSERTION
Internal lip of posterior iliac crest
Quadratus Lumborum ACTION
Unilaterally:
Lateral tilt of pelvis (elevation)
Lateral flex of vertebral column to the same side
Assist to extend the vertebral column
Bilaterally:
Fix the last rib during forced inhalation/exhalation
Gluteus Maximus ORIGIN
Coccyx
Edge of sacrum
Posterior iliac crest
Sacrotuberous
Sacroiliac ligaments
Gluteus Maximus INSERTION
Upper fibers:
IT band
Lower fibers:
Gluteal Tuberosity
Gluteus Maximus ACTION
ALL FIBERS:
Extend hip
Laterally rotate
Abduct
LOWER FIBERS:
Adduct
Gluteus Medius ORIGIN
Gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines below liac crest
Gluteus Medius INSERTION
Lateral aspect of greater trochanter
Gluteus Medius ACTION
ALL FIBERS:
Abduct hip
ANTERIOR FIBERS:
Flex hip
Medially rotate hip
POSTERIOR FIBERS:
Extend hip
Laterally rotate hip
Gluteus Medius ORIGIN
Gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Gluteus Medius INSERTION
Anterior aspect of greater trochanter
Gluteus Medius ACTION
Abduct
Medially rotate
Flex
What is the STRONGEST hip flexor
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius is also known as
The Deltoid of the hip
Piriformis ORIGIN
Anterior surface of sacrum
Piriformis INSERTION
SUPERIOR aspect of greater trochanter
Piriformis ACTION
Laterally rotate hip
Abduct hip when flexed
HAMSTRINGS:
Biceps Femoris
LONG HEAD - ORIGIN
Ischeal tuberosity
HAMSTRINGS:
Biceps Femoris
SHORT HEAD - ORIGIN
Lateral lip of the linea aspera
HAMSTRINGS:
Biceps Femoris
BOTH HEADS - INSERTION
Head of Fibula
HAMSTRINGS:
Biceps Femoris ACTIONS - LONG HEAD
Extend hip
Assist lateral rotation
Tilt pelvis posteriorly
HAMSTRINGS:
Biceps Femoris ACTIONS - SHORT HEAD
Flex knee
Laterally rotate fixed knee
HAMSTRINGS:
Semitendinosus ORIGIN
Ischial tuberosity
HAMSTRINGS:
Semitendinosus INSERTION
Proximal, medial shaft of tibia at Pes Anserines tendon
HAMSTRINGS:
Semitendinosus ACTION
Flex knee
Medially rotate flexed knee
Extend hip
Assist to medially rotate hip
Tilt pelvis Posteriorly
HAMSTRINGS:
Semimembranosus ORIGIN
Ischial Tuberosity
HAMSTRINGS:
Semimembranosus INSERTION
Posterior aspect of medal condyle of TIBIA
HAMSTRINGS:
Semimembranosus ACTION
Flex the knee
Medially rotate flexed knee
Extend hip
Assist medial rotation of hip
Tilt pelvis posteriorly
Which muscle most commonly has trigger points referring sciatic pain
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fascia Latae INSERTION
Iliotibial tract
Tensor Fascia Latae ORIGIN
Iliac crest, posterior to ASIS
Tensor Fascia Latae ACTION
Flex the hip
Medially rotate the hip
Abduct the hip
QUADS:
Rectus Femoris ORIGIN
AIIS
QUADS:
Vastus Lateralis ORIGIN
Lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity
greater trochanter
QUADS:
Vastus Medialis ORIGIN
Medial lip of linea aspera
QUADS:
Vastus Intermedius ORIGIN
Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur
QUADS:
ALL INSERTION
Tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament
QUADS:
ALL ACTIONS
Extend the knee
Rectus Femoris:
Flex the hip
Psoas Major ORIGIN
Bodies and transverse processes of lumber vertebrae
Psoas Major AND Iliacus ACTIONS
Flex the hip
Laterlly rotate hip
Flex the trunk toward the thigh
Tilt pelvis anteriorly
Iliacus ORIGIN
Iliac fossa
Psoas Major and Iliacus INSERTION
Lesser trochanter
What are the 3 Erector Spinae muscles - MEDIAL TO LATERAL
Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis
What are the 3 subsets of Spinalis
Spinalis CAPITIS
Spinalis CERVICIS
Spinalis THORACIS
What are the 3 subsets of Longissimus
Longissimus CAPITIS
Longissimus CERVICIS
Longissimus THORACIS
What are the 3 subsets of Iliocostalis
Iliocostalis CERVICIS
Iliocostalis THORACIS
Iliocostalis LUMBORUM
What does Spinalis attach to
SPs
What does Longissimus attach to
Ribs and TPs
What does Iliocostalis attach to
Ribs
Erector Spinae ACTIONS
Unilaterally:
Lateral side bending of spine and head to the same side
Bilaterally:
Extension of the spine
Which muscle is resposible for most temporal headaches
Trapezius
