Test 12 Flashcards
(29 cards)
- What is secondary amenorrhea?
What is secondary Amenorrhea: is the absence of three menstrual cycles or 6 months in a woman who was previously menstruating.
- Amenorrhea Causes
Tumor
Genetic
Physical or emotional stress
- Dysmenorrhea manifestations?
Pain associated with menstruation.
Cramping abdominal pain
Leg pain and backache
Interventions: ibuprofen (blocks prostaglandins)
- Nephrotic syndrome manifestations and goals
Edema both general/ periobotial and edema of the scrotum on the male is characteristic.
Respiratory problems
Anorexia, irritability, and loss of appetite develop which leads to malnourishment.
The goal for the child nephrotic syndrome is relieving edema, improving nutritional status, maintaining skin integrity, conserving energy, and preventing infection.
- Nephrotic syndrome nursing actions
Monitor I & O, Measure abdominal girth and weights daily.
No or low salt diet.
Small snacks, appealing meals
High protein
- Acute Glomerulonephritis causes
Reaction to a specific infection- most often group A strep (ear, throat)
- Acute Glomerulonephritis manifestations
Appear 1 to 3 weeks after the onset of a streptococcal infection.
Hematuria (which may be described as smoky or bloody)
Periorbital edema may accompany or precede hematuria.
Hypertension: priority!
Headache
- Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis nursing actions
Manage edema: daily weighs, accurate I & O and daily abdominal girth.
Nutrition: low sodium, low to moderate protein
Monitor V/S and implement seizure precautions in elevated BP.
Susceptibility to infections: no play dates.
Bed rest is not necessary, but most children will normally restrict activity due to malaise.
- Nephroblastoma nursing action
Abdominal palpation should be avoided because cells may break loose and spread the tumor.
Assess for hypertension and hematuria.
- Cryptorchidism treatment
Treatment recommended if testes have not descended by age 1.
Hormonal treatment with HCG
Orchiopexy: surgical correction
- PMS manifestations
Edema (resulting in weight gain)
Headache
Increasing anxiety and mild depression
- PMS client education
Increase fluids.
Decreased alcohol and caffeine
Moderate exercise
Sleep and relaxation
- UTI manifestation
N/V and anorexia
Chills and fever
Nocturia, urinary frequency, urgency
Suprapubic or lower back pain, dysuria, burning on urination.
Hematuria
Abnormal dipstick
- UTI client education
Finish all medications.
Administer antipyretics.
Increase fluids.
Change diapers frequently.
Good handwashing
- Acute kidney injury causes
Dehydrations
Poisoning
Nephrotoxicity
- (contrast)
Obstruction
- Enuresis client education
Limit fluid after dinner
Provide positive reinforcements.
Use the waking schedule treatment.
- Cast applications complications and client education/nursing actions
Complications:
Compartment syndrome
Nursing actions and Client education
Elevated first 24-48 hours.
Ice first 24 hours
Monitor for infection (warm spots)
Routine skin care
Report severe pain
Instruct no placement of foreign object: may use cool setting of hair dryer for itching.
- DMD client education
Gentle exercise daily
Good diet to avoid obesity.
Monitor cardiac and respiratory status as disease progresses.
Heart muscle eventually is affected.
Respiratory function is affected late in stage and common cause of death.
- Ewing sarcoma manifestations and causes.
Causes:
Malignant tumor in the bone marrow of the long bone
Manifestations:
Sometimes pain after non-related injury brings attention to tumor, but pain might come and go.
- Refresh kindergarten vaccines: 4-6 ages
Varicella (live)
Dtap
Inactivated Polio
MMR (live)
- Osteosarcoma causes (Most Common)
Malignant tumor in the long bones/past exposure of radiation a risk
- Osteosarcoma manifestations and treatment
Manifestations:
Sometimes pain after non-related injury brings attention to tumor.
Treatment
To remove the bone or the limb where the tumor is found. Prosthetic care
- Assessment of fractures: compartment syndrome early and late signs
Compartment syndrome and other neurovascular compromise
Early manifestations: Unrelenting pain unrelieved by analgesics
Late Manifestations: 5 p’s of assessment
• Pain and point of tenderness.
• Pulse- distal to the fracture site
• Pallor
• Paresthesia- sensation distal to the fracture site
• Paralysis- movement distal to the fracture site
- Various types of fractures manifestations
Complete: fragments separated
Incomplete: fragments partially joined
Compound or open: fractured bone protrudes through the skin.
Complicated: bone fragments have damaged other organs or tissues
Comminuted: Small fragments of bone are broken from the fractured shaft and lie in surrounding tissue
Greenstick: compressed side of bone bends, but tension side of bone breaks, causing incomplete fracture
