Test 1.3

Question 1

Lower crossed syndrome is caused by what?

Answer 1

Tight erector spinae and iliopsoas

Weak gluteus Maximus and abdominals

Question 2

Explain what is linked to what in the kinetic chain

Answer 2

Cervical spine—> thoraco lumbar spine—-> SI joints —-> hip joints —> knee joints —-> foot and ankle

Question 3

What is the kinetic chain

Answer 3

A series of adjacent segments in which movements at one joint cause a series of reactions in other joints

Question 4

Deviations from the norm in the kinetic effect what?

Answer 4

Adjacent and non adjacent joints

Associated muscles and tendons

Associated ligaments and capsules

Question 5

What does weak Abs / tight LB lead to

Answer 5

Anterior pelvic tilt

Increased L-spine lordosis

Question 6

What does weak Hip Flexors and tight hamstring lead to

Answer 6

Posterior pelvic tilt

Flat L-spine

Question 7

What is the most common pelvic rotation

Answer 7

R anterior

Question 8

What are the two types of skeletal muscle tissues

Answer 8

Tonic and phasic

Question 9

What are the intrinsic properties of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 9

Length vs tension

Agonistic vs antagonistic

Force vs velocity curve

Question 10

What are the characteristics of tonic muscles

Answer 10

•Postural muscles

• support body against gravity
• Increase in slow twitch fibers
• tendency to become overactive and shortened
• associated with “Trigger Points”

Question 11

What are the characteristics of phasic muscles

Answer 11

•Movers

• high velocity and high force
• Increase in fast twitch fibers
• tendency to become weak and inhibited under stress
• associated with strains

Question 12

What are tonic and phasic muscles prone to?

Answer 12

Tonic - hyperactivity

Phasic - inhibition

Question 13

What’s the function of tonic and phasic

Answer 13

Tonic -posture

Phasic - movement

Question 14

What’s the reaction to faulty loading for tonic and phasic muscles

Answer 14

Tonic -shortening

Phasic - weakening

Question 15

What are the tonic muscles in your thigh

Answer 15

Hamstrings 
Iliopsoas 
TFL
Rectus femoris
Piriformis 
Thigh adductors

Question 16

What are the phasic muscles in thigh

Answer 16

Vastus lateralis/medialis

Gluteal muscles

Question 17

What is the tonic and phasic muscle in your foot

Answer 17

Tonic -Gastroc

Phasic - tibialis anterior

Question 18

What are the phasic muscles in your trunk

Answer 18

Thoracic erectors

Rectus abdominis

Question 19

What are the tonic muscles in your trunk

Answer 19

Lumbar and cervical erectors

Quadratus lumborum

Question 20

What are the functional changed of muscle imbalance

Answer 20

• increase energy expenditure
• decrease efficiency
• change in normal movement patterns

Question 21

What is the relationship between for muscle imbalance

Answer 21

Relationship is between facilitated and inhibited muscles

Question 22

For muscle imbalance what do postural insufficiencies place on your body

Answer 22

Abnormal forces on the joints

Question 23

What does kinematics measure

Answer 23

Joint excursion

Question 24

What does kinetics measure

Answer 24

Joint forces

Question 25

What does EMG measure

Answer 25

Muscle activation

Question 26

What are the three different views you can use for inspection of a plum line

Answer 26

Lateral Anterior Posterior

Question 27

For the lateral view what body deviations should you look for

Answer 27

- ankle - knee - hip - shoulder - neck - head

Question 28

For the anterior view what body deviations should you look for

Answer 28

``` Feet STJ Shank Knee shoulder Neck Head ```

Question 29

For the posterior view what body deviations do you wanna look for

Answer 29

``` Heel Knees Pelvis Lumbar spine Scapulae Neck Head ```

Question 30

What is used in place of a plum line

Answer 30

Symmetrigraph

Question 31

What are the different types of techniques to measure leg length discrepancy

Answer 31

X-Ray Tape measure Supine measure

Question 32

What types cause lead to leg length discrepancy

Answer 32

Structural (True) Functional (apparent) Compensatory (Changes in joint position within the kinetic chain)

Question 33

What is the most commonly used method to measure leg length discrepancy

Answer 33

Tape measurement for structural from ASIS to Apex if medial malleolus For functional measure from navel to each apex of medial mallelous

Question 34

Lower crossed syndrome is caused by what?

Answer 34

Facilitated (tight) iliopsoas and Rectus femoris and erector spinae Inhibited (loose) abdominal and gluteals