Test Flashcards by KALEIGH BELLAMY

An/o

Anus, ring

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Chol/e

Bile or gall

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Cholecyst/o

Gallbladder

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Col/o

Colon, large intestine

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-emesis

Vomiting

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Enter/o

Small intestine

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Esophag/o

Esophagus

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-lithiasis

Presence of stones

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-pepsia

Digest, digestion

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-phagia

Eating, swallowing

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Proct/o

Rectum and anus

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Rect/o

Rectum, straight

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Sigmoid/o

Sigmoid colon

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The excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach

Aerophagia

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A surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

Anastomosis

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A false perception of body appearance which leads to an intense fear of gaining weight and inability to maintain a healthy body weight

Anorexia nervosa

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Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

Antiemetic

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Gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers

Aphthous ulcers

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An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Ascites

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The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

Bariatrics

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The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

Borborygmus

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an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercising, or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications

Bulimia nervosa

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A condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

Cachexia

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An inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance

Celiac disease

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A disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

Cheilosis

A radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

Cholangiography

An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones

Choledocholithotomy

also known as gallstones, are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in your gallbladder

Cholelithisias

A progressive degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

Cirrhosis

A chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

Crohn’s Disease

Inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon

Diverticulitis

Pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion

Dyspepsia

Difficulty in swallowing

Dysphagia

The act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

Eructation

Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Esophageal varices

An endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; this includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

The upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach

Gastrostomy tube

The vomiting of blood

Hematemesis

A laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test

Hemoccult test

Blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters

Herpes labialis

An anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm

Hiatal hernia

Extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

Hyperemesis

The partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine, or both caused by the stopping of normal peristalsis

Ileus

The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

Inguinal hernia

A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood

Jaundice

An abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek

Leukoplakia

The passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools that is caused by the presence of digested blood

Melena

The condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40; also known as severe obesity

Morbid obesity

The placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach

Nasogastric intubation

The surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip

Palatoplasty

Sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylorior by medications, such as aspirin, that irritate the mucous membranes

Peptic ulcers

A series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system

Peristalsis

A mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant

Polyp

The return of swallowed food into the mouth

Regurgitation

An infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces; also referred to as salmonella

Salmonellosis

An inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

Stomatitis

Any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

Trismus

A chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

Ulcerative colitis

Twisting of the intestine upon itself, causing an obstruction

Volvulus

The lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth

Xerostomia

bil/i

bile, gall

dent/i

tooth

gastr/o

stomach

ile/o

ileum

labi/o

lip

ling/o

tongue

or/o

mouth

an-

not, without

de-

lack of, down, less, removal of

endo-

in, within

post-

after, behind

pre-

before, in front of

-ase

enzyme

-chezia

defecation, elimination of waste

-iasis

abnormal condition

-orexia

appetite

cirrh/o

orange-yellow

enter/o

intestines

odont/o

tooth

splen/o

spleen

dys-

painful, difficult

sub-

below, under

-megaly

enlargement

Function of Ingestion

intake of food and liquid

Function of Digestion

breakdown of food

Function of Absorption

movement of nutrients into bloodstream

Function of Elimination

removal of waste from body

What enzyme assists in the breakdown of starches in the mouth?

amylase

Which structure connects the pharynx to the stomach?

esophagus

What does the Small Intestine consist of?

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

What does the Colon (Large Intestine) consist of?

Cecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum

Which section of the colon is responsible for storing solid waste?

rectum

In which section of the small intestine does vitamin B12 absorption occur?

ileum