Test 2

Question 1

RAAS

Answer 1

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Question 2

What is the second leading cause of preventable death

Answer 2

Hypertension

Question 3

Where does renin come from

Answer 3

Kidney

Question 4

What is angiotensin 1

Answer 4

It is a weak vasoconstrictor
Part of the RAAS formed after angiotensinogen and renin form

Question 5

What receptor is responsible for sensing pressure

Answer 5

Baroreceptors

Found in aorta and carotid

Question 6

How do kidneys regulate blood pressure

Answer 6

Via retention or excretion of sodium and water by renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Question 7

What is the recommended daily intake of sodium

Answer 7

1500 mg a day

Question 8

What does aldosterone do

Answer 8

Retains water

Question 9

What is the normal bmi

Answer 9

18-25

Question 10

How do you calculate the cardiac output

Answer 10

Co= stroke volume x heart rate

Question 11

What are some hormones that effect blood pressure

Answer 11

Epinephrine and norepinephrine released by adrenal glands

Vasoconstriction and increase heart rate

Question 12

What is a normal BP

Answer 12

120/80

Question 13

What is considered elevated or pre hypertension

Answer 13

120-129/<80

Question 14

Stage 1 hypertension

Answer 14

130-139/80-89

Question 15

Stage 2 hypertension

Answer 15

Greater than 140/ >90

Question 16

Hypertensive crisis

Answer 16

> 180/>120

Question 17

What are four main side effects from hypertension

Answer 17

Chronic vascular disease
Chronic kidney disease
Cerebral vascular disease (stroke)
Heart failure (hypertrophy in certain chambers)

Question 18

What are the two types of hypertension

Answer 18

Essential
Most common
Not caused by something else

Secondary
Caused by specific disease raising bp

Question 19

What can high blood pressure cause to the vessels

Answer 19

Micro tears leading to build up of plaques

Question 20

What is the recommended level for total cholesterol

Answer 20

less than 200mg/dl

Question 21

What would you like the LDL at

Answer 21

less than 100mg/dl

Question 22

What is the recommended level for HDL

Answer 22

greater than 40mg/dl

Question 23

What is the reason why LDL is considered the bad cholesterol

Answer 23

This will transport cholesterol through the blood stream releasing some to be engulfed by macrophages turning them in to foam cells which will blanket the vessel wall building up

Question 24

What is the main drug class used to treat hyperlipidemia

Answer 24

Statins

Question 25

What would you like your triglyceride levels to be

Answer 25

less than 150 mg/dl

Question 26

What is the main action of statins

Answer 26

They are stopping the synthesis of cholesterol from the liver.

Question 27

Are the risk factors of race/ ethnicity, activity level, obesity, smoking history, stress, diet and family history play a role in having hypertension?

Answer 27

Yes all those are risk factors for essential hypertension Including being over age 60

Question 28

What are some risk factors for secondary hypertension

Answer 28

Pregnancy, kidney disease, Cushings disease( excessive glucocorticoids) Medications, tumors

Question 29

What is one of the biggest overlooked health issue

Answer 29

Hypertension Has no signs or symptoms that can be seen till too late.

Question 30

When assessing a patient with hypertension what do you asses for

Answer 30

History family and personal for risk factors for hypertension Labs for compromised organ damage Kidney insufficiency ( can cause kidney damage leading to increase in BUN as well as creatine)

Question 31

What signs and symptoms would be present in the case of extreme hypertension

Answer 31

Dizzy, headache, lightheaded, vision changes, fatigue, shortness of breathe, renal insufficiency.

Question 32

How many readings do you need before you can be classified as having hypertension as a medical issue

Answer 32

2 readings on two separate days

Question 33

EKG

Answer 33

Electrocardiogram Reads the electrical impulses that the heart does to conduct contraction

Question 34

Echo

Answer 34

Echocardiogram Looks at the volume during each contraction to see the chambers and stroke volume.

Question 35

What is the acronym for medication treatment of hypertension

Answer 35

ABCDD

Question 36

What does ABCDD stand for

Answer 36

A= ACE inhibitors B= Beta blockers C= Calcium channel blockers D= Diuretics D= Diet