Test 2 Flashcards
(298 cards)
Definition of Cognition
- act or process of knowing, including awareness and judgement
- basic mental structures that include concentration, analysis, discrimination, organization, categorization, memory skills
- These skills allow us to process information
- provide basis for appropriate interaction with our surroundings
- necessary for learning, reasoning, and problem-solving and applying adequate judgement to situations
Luria model of Brain-Behavior relationships
Unit 1-RAS
Unit 2- Cerebral Cortex
Unit 3- Frontal lobes
Unit 1
Reticular activating system
Arousal
Impairment of unit 1
fluctuating responsiveness
decreased vigilance
becomes exhausted by minimal activity
fatigue
RAS comprises much of the brainstem
medulla includes the descending RAS systems
Pons and midbrain include the ascending RAS
Reticular formation
- provides specific sensory input and nonspecific activating impulses from the brainstem to the cerebral cortex
- maintains muscle tone of antigravity muscles
- Assists in regulation of respiration and HR
- Modulates the sense of pain
Reticular formation is the gatekeeper to what?
consciousness
spark of the mind
Reticular formation connects with what?
major nerves in the spinal column and brain
What does the reticular formation sort?
100 million impulses that assault the brain each second
- deflects the trivial and allowing the vital through to alert the mind
Damage to the catalytic bunch of cells that make up the reticular formation results in what?
Coma-loss of consciousness
Unit 2
cerebral cortex
information processing
unit 2 impairment
- initial processing of raw input in primary projection areas
- Associative processing in secondary projection zones
- integrational processing in tertiary zone
Unit 3
frontal lobe
executive functions
unit 3 impairments
deficient error detection/ correction perseveration/ impersistence (keep coming back to same topic) impaired sequencing indifference disinhibited behavior impaired planning
Functions of 3 units in relation to eachother
Unit 1- provides necessary cortical tone
Unit 2- analyzes and synthesizes
Unit 3- interaction, regulation, verification
Basketball team metaphor for Luria’s units
each player has a role and responsibility
if each player only attends to his specific function, the result is unsuccessful
effectiveness as a team only occurs if the parts work and function together
Association cortices divided into?
- majority of brain’s surface
1) Unimodal- modality specific
2) heteromodal- higher order
Unimodal
formulates motor programs involving multiple joints Somatosensory visual auditory premotor supplementary motor
Heteromodal
-bidirectional connections
-allows for higher order mental functions
-integration of information from various modalities
prefrontal
-Awareness of one’s body and the extrapersonal space in which it moves (parietal lobe)
- Requires integrateion of vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive inputs
-parietal heteromodal association
-temporal heteromodal association
multimodal association cortex
lateral association cortex: posterior and anterior association cortices
Basomedial (limbic) association cortex
Lateral association cortex: posterior association areas
Spatial cognition
facial recognition
LAC: PAA- Spatial cognition
wide variety of behaviors mediating attention to intrapersonal and extrapersonal space
Unilateral hemispatial neglect most prominent deficit with damage
LAC:PAA- facial recognition
mediated by temporal association areas
damage can result in prosopagnosia
Lateral Association cortex: anterior association ares
- neural substrates for planning, foresight, insight, empathy, altruism, abstract reasoning, self-awareness, governing of emotion
- prefrontal cortex- dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbital frontal cortex