Test 2

Question 1

Calvin’s Theology

Answer 1

Augustinian

Question 2

Protestantism in France Dates

Answer 2

1500-1555

Question 3

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

Answer 3

1438
Establishes separate French church. King can nominate bishops and forbid appeals to Rome.

Question 4

Frances I Dates

Answer 4

1515-1547

Question 5

Frances I

Answer 5

Roman Catholic restricted.
French church controlled by the king
Strong centralized authority.
Persecution not consistently applied; sometimes tolerant. This kept Catholic power from growing.

Question 6

Guillaume Briçonnet

Answer 6

French translation to poor in his diocese
Not reformer - suppressed Luther
Whole Bible to French by 1530. First French Bible.

Question 7

Marguerite d’Angoulême

Answer 7

Sister of Francis I.
Briçonnet’s movement found refuge in her court

Question 8

1500-1555 other reforms

Answer 8

Luther’s writings - small portable tracts
Itinerant preachers
Merchants and german students in france

Question 9

Strasbourg

Answer 9

Refuge for escaping France and a way for reform ideas to enter france

Question 10

The affair of the placards

Answer 10

1534
Paris and other cities leafleted with anti-papal, anti-mass leaflets.

Question 11

Huguenots

Answer 11

Protestant nobility. French Calvinists

Question 12

Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Answer 12

1572. 5,000 to 30,000 people killed

Question 13

Geneva 1500

Answer 13

Citizen-selected two councils.

Question 14

Geneva mid 1500s

Answer 14

Bishop ousted, alliances made with Catholic Freiburg and Protestant Bern. Geneva became caught in the middle.

Question 15

William Farel

Answer 15

Geneva preacher.
1534 - encouraged councils to work with protestant Bern
1536 - independent of Savoy - abandoned masses and papal ceremonies for politics - Formal break with Rome, but no follow up plans, rules, creed, or discipline
Convinced John Calvin to stay and help.

Question 16

Articles Concerning the Government of the Church

Answer 16

1537, Calvin and Farel to Geneva councils
Discipline to ensure only worth ate Lord’s Supper
Geographical understanding of church membership.
Church decided who could participate, magistrate enforced
All citizens were to swear to the proposed Confession or lose their city citizenship and be banished

Was resisted

Question 17

1538

Answer 17

Calvin and Farel are expelled; Geneva falls apart.

Question 18

Cardinal Salodeto

Answer 18

Encouraged a chaotic Geneva to return to Catholicism. Responded to by Calvin.

Question 19

2.5 Magisterial reformers

Answer 19

Personal faith AND a regional/proprietary/coterminous church; church and state combined.
Because of the full church/state marriage, church depended on the protection of the magistracy or city council, prince, or king.
Citizens in a particular attitude were to be automatically members of the official church of that area.

Question 20

Radical Reformers

Answer 20

The church is only one part of society, and individuals should choose to participate with the church in that area or not. Not coterminous. Not seen as chaotic to have multiple churches in one area.

Question 21

Radical Reform in Zurich (post Zwingli’s debate)

Answer 21

Conrad Grabel
George Blaurock
Felix Manz
B/c Zwingli was too willing to leave the scripture to city magistrates.
Beginning of Anabaptist movement
Ideas: lay pastors, supported by gifts of faithful. Civic ties.
Started over and ignored ecclesiastical structure.
Celebrated Lord’s scripture as per scripture in small groups
against Pedobaptism; said Zwingli and Luther were still part of the Catholic church because they were for it.
Baptized each other. Told to conform or emigrate; fled. Died or were killed 1525-1529

Question 22

Pedobaptism

Answer 22

Infant baptism

Question 23

Anabaptists

Answer 23

Name that referred to their desire to be baptized again (they would say for the first time) as adults - first time was infant baptism. Martyrdom by drowning for anabaptists - the “third baptism”.

Question 24

Schleitheim Confession

Answer 24

February 1527
Radical reform movement explaining itself in 7 articles
1. Believer’s (rather than infant) baptism. Personal, conscious, mature, understood church.
2. Reject any violence; the ban (withdrawal from a misbehaving member) is the church’s only weapon.
3. The true church is a visible church (non-predestination). Believed in free will. Believers should leave evil behind for purity.
4. Pastor leads the congregation, disciplines, bans people, preaches people to be better.
5. Refuse to participate in all forms of earthly government.
6. No civic oaths; refused to swear to be law-abiding.

Question 25

Diet of Speyer II

Answer 25

1529
Persecutions of anabaptists were carried out in both Protestant and Catholic lands.

Question 26

Michael Sattler

Answer 26

1490-1527
Wrote the Schleitheim Confession
Martyred in May 1527 with his wife.
Not violent (anabaptist virtue) - he was meek and humble
Killed in a nasty way
Seen as a dangerous radical because of his rejection of civil government

Question 27

Melchior Hoffman

Answer 27

1495 - 1543/44
End time about to happen
Radical in an extreme way
Engaged in itinerant preaching. No theological training. Claimed inspiration of the Holy Spirit.
Followers: Melchiorites.
Jesus would come back to Strassburg in 1533.
Suspension of rebaptism until Jesus returned.
Imprisoned in Strassburg and died.

Question 28

Munster

Answer 28

1533-1535
Melchiorite kingdom
Jan Mathys and Jan Bockelson
Munster was divided among competing groups but held together by a kind of tolerance.
Mathys and Bockleson decided Jesus would come back to Munster.
Rebaptism became a badge of loyalty to this kingdom.
Preached to destroy people who disagreed
Government and society were one phenomenon

Question 29

Munster taken over

Answer 29

Catholics laid seige.
Mathys was killed after believing the Holy Spirit would help him defeat the enemy
Bockelson took over control; declared polygamy to be the rule of God, made himself a king.
Famine took its toll. Munsterites told Catholics the weakness.
Bockelson killed, his body with two of his cohort’s bodies in cages.

Question 30

Menno Simmons

Answer 30

1496-1561
Reforming anabaptist ideology after Munster disaster
Governments to be obeyed; oaths still not ok
Christians should never use the sword
Only proper Christian discipline was the ban - in love, as a type of penance, for the purpose of receiving the person back
Followers called Mennonites.

Question 31

Marks of the Radical Reformation

Answer 31

Separation of church/state
Denounced war
True church based upon personal experience.
- believer’s baptism
- Possession of the Holy Spirit, quickening of moral conscience.
Committed to returning to pre-Constantine church
Lay leadership (vs. clergy)

Question 32

Statutes of Provisors

Answer 32

England’s hostility to the Avignon papacy during 100 year war with France
limited papal appointments and provisions for vacant benefices in England

Question 33

Statutes of Praemunire

Answer 33

England’s hostility to the Avignon papacy during 100 year war with France
threatened forfeiture of land and goods of any
one who introduced papal bulls against English bishops

Question 34

Papal bull

Answer 34

Edict issued by pope (discipline, church management, appointment)

Question 35

Marsilius of Padua’s Defensor pacis

Answer 35

Written during Avignon papacy Pope John XXII
Primacy of the ruler over the church. State is the only source of peace and
civilized life.
The state derives its authority from the whole people.
The church has no rights, property, or jurisdiction of its own; rather these are delegated to it by the state
The church’s only concern is the afterlife.

Question 36

14th Century

Answer 36

Marsilius of Padua’s Defensor pacis

Question 37

16th Century

Answer 37

Statutes of Provisors
Statutes of Praemunire

Question 38

Henry VII first wife

Answer 38

Catherine of Aragon (aunt of Emperor Charles V)
No male heir; Mary Tudor
Had been married to Henry’s brother for a few months, who died
Arranged marriage, special permission from pope because of married brother’s wife in Leviticus
An official annulment was important to ensure the legitimacy of the male heir.
Charles V did not want stable English rule
Pope was under control of Charles V
Pope was unable and unwilling to annul
Pope said for case to be tried in English papal courts
Henry thought the (very powerful) Cardinal Wosley would be able to secure the annulment. When he was unable to, he fell from the king’s favor. Found a new set of advisors: Thomas More (Lord Chancellor), Thomas Cranmer (future archbishop of Canterbury-resolute Catholic and disliked), Thomas Cronwell (a lawyer-star of Henry’s show).

Question 39

Reformation Parliament

Answer 39

1532-1536
Called by Henry VII
Presented his case as a victim of papal policies
By drawing Parliament along every step of the way, Henry received legal and public sanction for his eventual situation.

Question 40

Statutes of Reformation Parliament

Answer 40

Beginning 1532
Three goals or stages:
1) curtailment of the legislative power of the church in England
2) setting of barriers to Rome
3) requirement of loyalty to the crown

Question 41

Reformation Parliament Stage 1

Answer 41

1532
Curtailment of ecclesiastical legislative power.
1. The king wanted to control ecclesiastical law (e.g. his divorce).
2. Parliament wanted England to be free from the practices
of the ecclesiastical courts: delays, exorbitant fees,
and subtleties of accusations of heresies.
3. Parliament declared its grievances against the bishops.
4. The bishops responded with an appeal to the king to
protect the church from its detractors in the Parliament.
5. Henry, with the help of Cromwell, obtained the
Submission of the Clergy, which placed control of
ecclesiastical courts and legislation in the hands of the
king.
6. Thomas More resigned as Chancellor bc he saw a direct assault on the papal authority

Question 42

Reformation Parliament Stage 2

Answer 42

1533-1534
Barriers to Rome
1. Thomas Cranmer was appointed Archbishop of
Canterbury.
2. Act in Restraint of Appeals: England was declared an
empire, a sovereign state.
3. The king owes no submission to any other ruler, i.e., the
pope.
4. All cases concerning matrimony, testaments and tithes
were spiritual questions to be settled in English courts
without appeal to Rome.
5. Archbishop of Canterbury, Cranmer, would decide with
regard to Henry’s divorce and remarriage.
a. Cranmer annulled Henry’s marriage to Catherine.
b. Cranmer consecrated Henry’s marriage to the pregnant Anne Boleyn who gave birth to Elizabeth I a few months later.
6. The king would nominate those to be elected bishop
without any reference to consecration from Rome.
7. Permission to depart from canon law would come from the
BIB392 Reformation History
4
Archbishop of Canterbury alone; no fees for dispensations
would go to Rome.

Question 43

Reformation Parliament Stage 3

Answer 43

1534-1536
Loyalty to the crown
Supremacy Act
Succession and Treason Act
Thomas More, the former Chancellor, was beheaded on
July 6, 1535 for his refusal to acknowledge the king as the
head of the church.

Question 44

Supremacy Act

Answer 44

King as head of Church of England
a. Now no “mere protector,” the king had the power to
exercise spiritual functions previously pertaining to
the papacy.
b. He had the power to correct the opinions of
preachers;
c. to supervise the formulation of doctrine;
d. to reform the canon law;
e. to visit and discipline clergy;
f. to try heretics.
g. The king did not claim the right to consecrate
bishops or to administer the sacraments.

Question 45

Succession and Treason Act

Answer 45

The heirs of Henry and Anne were to succeed to the throne, and that it was treason to question the marriage or to attempt any harm to an heir apparent.

Question 46

Monasterial Dissolution

Answer 46

Between 1536 and 1540, 800 monasteries dissolved
Crown needed cash for programs, and Parliament did not want to increase taxation.
Monasteries dissolved; excess revenue sent to crown programs
Not broadcasted and not resisted by public
Thomas Cromwell had been appointed the king’s vice regent and vicar general for ecclesiastical affairs in 1535.
Rationalized dissolution as a means to get rid of corruption
and inefficiency.

Question 47

Anne Boleyn

Answer 47

Charged with adultery and beheaded in 1536

Question 48

Jane Seymour

Answer 48

Married Henry VII
Bore him a son, Edward VI

Question 49

Henry VII and reform

Answer 49

No interest in it
Catholic, but english (no papal control)
Six articles act (1539) maintained transubstantiation, clerical celibacy, private confession, witholding the cup.
Cromwell started tried to align henry with the protestants; failed and was beheaded

Question 50

Edward VI

Answer 50

Henry died in 1547
Died at 16
First three years of his reign was really done by Edward Seymour
Power then passed to John Dudley
Generally, direction of reform during Edward’s reign was toward a church designed on the Zurich model
Production of scriptrues authorized; clerical marriage ok

Question 51

Church under Somerset

Answer 51

(1547-1550)
Six articles rescinded
Refugees came to england from the continent. They had significant influence, and resulted in a spectrum of church styles
Parliament imposed Cranmer’s First Prayer Book on the varieties of worship practice (Act of Uniformity, 1549) (ambiguous, many possible meanings and applications)
Somerset was deposed by Northumberland who had him beheaded for treason (1552)

Question 52

Lady Jane Grey

Answer 52

the Protestant grandniece to Henry VIII
Northumberland married his son to her
Persuaded Edward to name Lady Jane as his successor rather than Mary Tudor, a Catholic.
Northumberland neglected to retain Mary Tudor in a secure prison, and she escaped.
The people rallied to Mary Tudor

Question 53

Mary Tudor

Answer 53

Bloody Mary
English people were neither ardently Catholic nor ardently Protestant
Mary attained the throne because of the deeper desire for the legitimate heir to ascend the throne.
Thus the popular acclamation of Mary was not a Catholic revival
Intent upon re-establishing England as a Catholic nation loyal to the Pope
Replaced the Protestant officials with her own loyal
Catholics.
2. Parliament repealed all the laws concerning religion which
had been passed during Edward’s reign.
3. Worship according to Henry VIII’s Six Articles Act was
reinstated.
4. With Parliament’s consent she married Philip II of Spain
(son of Charles V), a Catholic. The marriage did not
produce an heir soon enough to suit Philip, and he left
Mary to pursue his interests on the continent.
Died 1558

Question 54

Protestant prosecution under Mary

Answer 54

started 1555
Many fled england for strausborg
Those who fled to Geneva eventually returned and had great effects
From 1555 to Mary’s death in 1558, around 300 Protestants lost their lives.
Thomas Cranmer, the architect of the spiritual side of the English reformation, was burned at the stake in 1556
Not rooted well enough to have great effect
England from Henry VII to Somerset had a great change in national self understanding

Question 55

Elizabeth I

Answer 55

1558-1603
Goal: Free England of papacy, Hapsburgs, power, etc
Committed to a non-Catholic solution, non-Genevan to the religious divisions in England.
However, return of the Marian exiles to England,
heavily influenced by Calvinist principles, would have a
great impact on future development.

Question 56

Act of Supremacy

Answer 56

1559
he Catholic legislation under Mary was repealed.
2. Elizabeth was designated “the only supreme governor of
this realm, as well in all spiritual or ecclesiastical things.”
b. “Supreme governor” was preferred to “supreme
head” in an effort to offend neither Catholics, for
whom the supreme head was the pope, nor the more
hardline Protestants, for whom the supreme head
was Christ.
c. Although she refused the title, she nonetheless
functioned as the head of the Church of England.
Act of Uniformity
The Elizabethan settlement was effective and brought order to the chaos of the previous decades.
1.Denying supremacy of crown over the church or refusal to take an oath of loyalty resulted in immediate dismissal from office.
2. To acknowledge the authority of any foreign prince or
prelate was defined as high treason and made punishable
by death.
3. Bishops who refused to conform were gradually replaced
with Elizabeth’s appointees.

Question 57

Act of Supremacy

Answer 57

enforced by the imposition of
an oath upon all holders of religious and civil offices

Question 58

The Act of Uniformity

Answer 58

1559
established a revised liturgy from
the Second Prayer Book of 1552
he prayer against the pope was deleted.
2. The ornaments and vestments of ministers should be those
established in the second year of Edward VI’s reign.
Traditional vestments therefore were to be preserved.
3. The declaration that kneeling at the Lord’s Supper did not
imply adoration was also omitted (the “Black Rubric”
insisted upon by John Knox).
4. The question of the mode of Christ’s presence was left
obscure.
5. Puritanism (pure from catholicism) begins here.