Test 2

Question 0

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called

Answer 0

Isotopes

Question 1

The smallest particle that retains all of the chemical properties of an element is called a(n)

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

The smallest chemical unit that has all the properties of a particular compound is called a(n)

Answer 2

Molecule

Question 3

The mass number of an atom is

Answer 3

The # of protons and neutrons

Question 4

What type of weak bond results from asymmetry in charge distribution

Answer 4

Vanderwaals

Question 5

What type of bond forms from the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Answer 5

Covalent

Question 6

What type of bond forms the strongest chemical bonds and compounds that tend to be strong with great hardness?

Answer 6

Covalent

Question 7

Based on the definition of a mineral, being a naturally occurring solid, formed by inorganic processes, with a characteristic crystal structure and s specific chemical composition, which materials will be classified as minerals?

Answer 7

Ice and quartz

Question 8

Why is steel not considered a mineral?

Answer 8

Because it is man made

Question 9

To which group do most minerals in the Earth’s crust belong?

Answer 9

Silicate

Question 10

The property of a mineral to resist scratching is referred to as

Answer 10

Hardness

Question 11

The property of a mineral that relates how heavy it is for its size is referred to as

Answer 11

Specific gravity

Question 12

Which element is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

Answer 12

Oxygen

Question 13

Which of the following is the hardest silicate structure?

Answer 13

Framework

Question 14

Which rock sample above is held together by naturally forming cement?

Answer 14

B

Question 15

Which rock sample is formed from cooling and solidifying magma?

Answer 15

A

Question 16

A neutron is a positively charged particle with an atomic mass of 1, that resides in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 16

False; neutral-not charged

Question 17

Ionic bonds are the strongest chemical bonds, and elements and compounds with ionic bonds (such as diamond) tend to be strong and hard.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

The color of a mineral is not necessarily useful in identification.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Minerals can be described in terms of two kinds of features: assemblage and texture.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

An atom that has an excess positive or negative electrical charge caused by the loss or addition of an electron is called a(n)

Answer 20

Ion

Question 21

To be considered a mineral, a naturally occurring inorganic solid must have a specific chemical composition and a characteristic ______ structure.

Answer 21

Crystalline

Question 22

The property of ______ is a mineral’s resistance to scratching.

Answer 22

Hardness

Question 23

Some minerals break along specific directions of weakness in their crystal structures. This property of a mineral to break in this predictable way is referred to as______.

Answer 23

Cleavage

Question 24

The _____ of a mineral is the color of the mineral when powdered, which is usually accomplished in soft minerals by rubbing the sample against an unglazed porcelain plate.

Answer 24

Streak

Question 25

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Answer 25

Magma is found inside and lava is found outside

Question 26

The Hawaiian Islands are composed of what type of volcanoes?

Answer 26

Shield volcanoes

Question 27

The degree to which a substance resists flow is known as _______.

Answer 27

Viscosity

Question 28

Large, loose pyroclasts welded together during an eruption are known as

Answer 28

Tuff

Question 29

The igneous rock in the figure below has what type of texture

Answer 29

Glassy

Question 30

A _______ is a mixture of molten and solid rock

Answer 30

Fractional melt

Question 31

The composition of most magma is 45%-75% ________ by weight.

Answer 31

Silica

Question 32

What is the name of a fine-grained, felsic igneous rock?

Answer 32

Rhyolite

Question 33

Igneous rocks that cool underground from a magma are known as _______.

Answer 33

Intrusive

Question 34

The person in the figure below was a victim of a pyroclastic flow.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Beneath the surface, rocks completely melt at about 1000ºC.

Answer 35

False; 1800-2000*C

Question 36

The presence of higher amounts of water usually results in the lowering of the melting temperature.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Small pyroclasts welded together during an eruption results in the formation of a tuff.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Hawaiian eruptions are extremely violent and produce large pyroclastic flows.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Igneous rocks high in feldspars and quartz are known as felsic rocks.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

A volcanic neck is a remnant of a pipe that once fed magma to the vent

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Pumice forms from the slow cooling of lava that froths and bubbles

Answer 41

False; fast

Question 42

Crater Lake in Oregon is the remnants of a stratovolcano named Mount Mazama.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Vulcanian eruptions are not very explosive and only release ash 5km into the air.

Answer 43

Fale; pretty explosive and 10km

Question 44

Devil's Postpile near Mammoth, California is a good example of a volcanic neck.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Shield volcanoes can commonly extend more than 10 km in height from their bases.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

_______ is the process that occurs when newly formed crystals are lighter than magma and float to the top of the magma chamber

Answer 46

Crystallization

Question 47

Sulfur dioxide, which is released during volcanic eruptions, forms small droplets in the atmosphere called _______.

Answer 47

Sulfuric acid

Question 48

The most violent volcanic eruptions in history are classified as _______ eruptions.

Answer 48

Plinian

Question 49

When magma is injected horizontally between layers and solidifies, a _______ forms.

Answer 49

Sill

Question 50

A mafic, phaneritic rock is properly named _______.

Answer 50

Gabbro

Question 51

The eruption of _______ in 1815 resulted in the “year without a summer”

Answer 51

Tamboura

Question 52

The three reasons that rocks melt are (1) _________________________, (2) _______________________, (3) ________________________________.

Answer 52

Increase temperature, decrease in pressure, and adding of a flux

Question 53

Basalt and granite differ in ___

Answer 53

Granite Felix in composition and extrusive. Granites is intrusive

Question 54

Granite and rhyolite are similar in __

Answer 54

They are both felsic

Question 55

The figure below shows an example of _______.

Answer 55

Sheet jointing (exfoliation)

Question 56

A member of this family of hydrous alumino-silicate minerals is generally referred to as a _

Answer 56

Clay

Question 57

The small spaces between mineral grains are called _

Answer 57

Pores

Question 58

The uppermost soil horizon that contains a high amount of organic matter is known as the _____ horizon.

Answer 58

O | Organic

Question 59

The _______ layer is the deepest layer of soil that consists of parent rock material in various stages of weathering.

Answer 59

C

Question 60

A _______ is a fracture in the rock in which no appreciable movement has occurred.

Answer 60

Joint

Question 61

A type of chemical weathering in which minerals react with dissolved oxygen in water is known as

Answer 61

Oxidation

Question 62

Dissolution is a good example of mechanical weathering.

Answer 62

False; frost weathering

Question 63

Anthropogenic sulfur and nitrogen contribute to chemical weathering.

Answer 63

True

Question 64

The splitting of rocks due to the repeated freezing and thawing is known as root wedging.

Answer 64

False; frost wedging

Question 65

Mechanical weathering is the breakdown of rock by physical processes that involves chemical alteration.

Answer 65

False

Question 66

The wearing away of bedrock and transportation of loosened particles is known as erosion.

Answer 66

True

Question 67

The uppermost layer of regolith that can support rooted plants is known as soil.

Answer 67

True

Question 68

Some plants can be responsible for mechanical weathering

Answer 68

True

Question 69

The _______ layer in a soil profile is known as the zone of accumulation

Answer 69

B

Question 70

Rich soils with a distinct E-horizon usually support ______

Answer 70

Forests