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Geology > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

The ______ scale is a logarithmic scale that assigns a number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by am earthquake

A

Richter scale

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1
Q

The scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves is known as

A

Seismology

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2
Q

Fragments of unmelted rocks that are sometimes incorporated in magma are known as____

A

Xenolith

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3
Q

____ are the first waves to leave the focus after an earthquake

A

P waves

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4
Q

The _____ is the point on the surface directly above the point of an earthquake

A

Epicenter

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5
Q

The ____ is the part of the earths interior where rocks start to melt

A

Asthenosphere

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6
Q

an instrument that measures and detects vibrations in the earth is known as____

A

Seismograph

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7
Q

The figure below, what is the approximate time of arrival of the p waves

A

2.24 minutes

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8
Q

According to the figure above, what is the approximate s-p travel time?

A

1.75 mins

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9
Q

A(n) _____ wave is an elastic rebound wave that travels outward in all directions from the point of an earthquake

A

Seismic wave

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10
Q

The figure above shows a primary earthquake hazard

A

True

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11
Q

The Richter scale measures the damage caused by a given earthquake

A

False; mercali scale

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12
Q

The earths density as a whole is approximately 2.8g/cm^3

A

False; 5.6

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13
Q

The largest measured displacement caused by an earthquake was 15m

A

True

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14
Q

A place along a fault where an earthquake has not occurred in a long time is called paleoseismology

A

False

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15
Q

Charles richter was the first scientist to notice the difference between p waves and S waves

A

False

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16
Q

The crust below the oceans averages a thickness of 8km

A

True

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17
Q

The zone from the base of the asthenosphere to the mantle-core boundary is known as the lithosphere

A

False; mesosphere

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18
Q

Secondary hazards sometimes cause more damage than the earthquake itself

A

True

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19
Q

Remote sensing is the study of ancient earthquake

A

False

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20
Q

P waves travel by compression-expansion

A

True

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21
Q

The outer corgis solid and the inner core is liquid

A

False ; vice versa…… The core is liquid and inner core is solid

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22
Q

The mantle makes up roughly 80% of the earths volume

A

True

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23
Q

The modified mercali scale quantifies the effects of an earthquake on the earths surface, humans, objects of nature, and man made structures on a scale of I through XII, with I denoting a weak earthquake and XII one that causes almost completed destruction

A

True

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24
The S wave shadow zone is an area of the planet that does not receive any S waves, usually opposite the origin of the earthquake
True
25
Geologists can use indirect observation methods like; astronomy, magnetism, and density to look at the interior of the planet
True
26
Most diamonds are transported to the surface in kimberlite pipes from the outer core
False; asthenosphere
27
A large, destructive wave sometimes caused by an earthquake is called a ____
Tsunami
28
A measure of an earthquake strength based on rupture size, rock properties, and displacement is known as_____
Moment magnitude
29
______ is the bouncing back of a wave from an interface between two mediums
Reflection
30
The theory that stress is continually built up along a fault and released when earthquake occur is known as____
Elastic rebound theory
31
The method using data from three seismic stations to locate an earthquake is known as____
Triangulation
32
When all the grains in a rock are roughly the same size, the rock is said to be____
Well sorted
33
The group of processes that transform sediment rock is known as____
Lithification
34
What is the sedimentary structure shown in the figure to the right
Cross bedding
35
A sedimentary rock formed by the evaporation of lake or seawater is known as a(n)
Evaporite
36
A _____ is a sedimentary deposit that forms when a stream enters a standing body of water
Delta
37
When gravel becomes lithified ____ is formed
Conglomerate
38
_______ is the reduction of pore space in sediment
Compaction
39
Which sedimentary rock is a Fine grained fissile rock consists primarily of clay particles
Shale
40
Glacial till is an example of a deposit that is____
Poorly sorted
41
Seasonal lakes, or ____, are common in arid areas
Playas
42
A biogenic sediment that forms from the accumulation of plant debris is known as____
Peat
43
Most of the worlds sedimentary rocks form as strata in which environment
Continental shelves
44
A fine grained sedimentary rock is known as ____
Shale
45
Mudcracks are sedimentarystructuresthat are formed in wet/dry environments
True
46
Cross-bedding can form from turbidites, with the large grains deposited on the bottom and the fine grains at the top
False; graded beds
47
Sandstone results from the lithification of clay grains
False; sand grains
48
Coal is classified as a chemical sedimentary rock
False; biogenic rock
49
Fossilized footprints provide inferences about depositional environment
True
50
Breccia form in areas of low energy
False; high energy
51
Marine Evaporite basins form in coastal areas with hot and arid climates
True
52
Till is an example of sediment that has angular grains and high sphericity
False; doesn't have high sphericity
53
Quartz grains tend to have high sphericity and roundness
True
54
Till is a type of light brown, wind blown sediment
False;
55
The banded rock in the figure below is known as____
Gneiss
56
A very fine grained, low grade metamorphic rock that results from the metamorphism of shale is known as____
Slate
57
A zone of contact metamorphism called a(n)___ is sometimes found in igneous rocks
Aureole
58
______ is the metamorphic process by which the chemical composition of the rock is changed by the addition or removal of fluids
Metas omasum
59
Which metamorphic rock forms when limestone is metamorphosed
Marble
60
Which type of metamorphism is associated with oregens (mountain building)
Regional
61
Slate is a type of a high bred metamorphic rock
False
62
Metamorphism refers to mechanical alterations of a rock
False; metamorphism is adding fluids
63
Burma and central americA have the worlds largest jade deposits
True
64
Metamorphic rocks can occur from sedimentary and igneous rocks
True
65
The largest scale of metamorphism results from contact metamorphism
False; regional
66
Migmatites are composed of igneous and sedimentary rock
False; igneous and metamorphic
67
Quartzite results from metamorphosed sandstone
True
68
Meteorite impact can lead to metamorphism
True
69
______ is the extremely slow downslope granular flow of regolith
Creep
70
A _____ involves a rational movement of rock or regolith
Slump
71
Sediment that is moved along the bottom of a stream is known as
Bed load
72
Flowing regolith that is not saturated with water is known as a _____ flow
Slurry
73
The figure below illustrates a good example of a debris flow
False; slump
74
A ______ is any mass wasting process that involves a flowing motion of regolith containing water and/or air in it's pores
Flow
75
The "bouncing" of grains along a stream bed is known as
Saltation
76
The sit and clay that May be stirred up in the stream bed is known as suspended lead
True

Geology (3 decks)

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