Test 2

Question 1

a bush that grows in the Andes and produces cocaine

Answer 1

coca

Question 2

product developed by Angelo Mariani, uses coca leaf extract in many other products

Answer 2

coca wine

Question 3

crude extract created during the manufacture of cocaine

Answer 3

coca paste

Question 4

most common form of pure cocaine, stable water soluble salt

Answer 4

cocaine hydrochloride

Question 5

extraction of the cocaine base with a solvent

Answer 5

freebase

Question 6

lumps of cocaine base prepared by mixing cocaine with water and baking soda

Answer 6

crack cocaine

Question 7

cocaine’s mechanism of action on the brain

Answer 7

blocks dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

Question 8

Time course of effects of cocaine

Answer 8

speed of absorption is fast, rate of elimination is also fast,

Question 9

rapid onset of effect of cocaine equals what?

Answer 9

high potential of psychological dependence

Question 10

short duration of action of cocaine equals what?

Answer 10

high potential of physical dependence

Question 11

cocaine has a half life of what?

Answer 11

one hour

Question 12

potential beneficial uses of cocaine

Answer 12

local anesthesia

Question 13

mechanism of action on the brain of amphetamines

Answer 13

causes increased activity of monoamine neurotransmitters by stimulating their release

Question 14

rate of absorption for amphetamines

Answer 14

fast, generally in minutes

Question 15

rate of elimination of amphetamines

Answer 15

slow, 6-12 hours

Question 16

fast onset of effect for amphetamines leads to what?

Answer 16

psychological dependence

Question 17

long duration of effect for amphetamines leads to what?

Answer 17

physical dependence

Question 18

half life of amphetamines

Answer 18

5-12 hours

Question 19

production of alcohol from sugars through the action of yeasts

Answer 19

fermentation

Question 20

evaporation and condensation of alcohol vapors to produce beverage with alcohol content higher than 15 percent

Answer 20

distillation

Question 21

amount of beverage that contains .5oz/14gm of pure alcohol

Answer 21

standard drink

Question 22

How is alcohol absorbed?

Answer 22

20 percent in stomach
75 percent in upper small intestines
remaining absorbed along GI tract

Question 23

some factors that affect alcohol absorption

Answer 23

-carbonation, artificial sweeteners, food in stomach, high alcohol concentration

Question 24

where is the main site of alcohol metabolism?

Answer 24

the liver

Question 25

pathway of alcohol exvretion

Answer 25

ethanol to acetaldehyde(using enzyme ADH) to acetate acid(using enzyme ALDH)

Question 26

What is the legal limit for Blood Alcohol Concentration?

Answer 26

.08%, under age 21 is .01 or .02%

Question 27

What determines BAC level?

Answer 27

-body weight, percentage of body fat, gender, genetic factors, drinking behavior

Question 28

the rate of alcohol metabolism is what?

Answer 28

the activity of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 29

Mechanism of action of alcohol on the brain

Answer 29

central nervous system depressant, enhances inhibitor effects of GABA

Question 30

What are the immediate effects of alcohol with low concentration?

Answer 30

mood changes, appetite enhancement

Question 31

What are the immediate effects of alcohol with high concentration?

Answer 31

peripheral circulation, decreases vasopressin, blackouts, hangover

Question 32

What is the effect of GABA-A?

Answer 32

sleep

Question 33

What is the effect of GABA -B?

Answer 33

becoming extremally relaxed

Question 34

What are the Effects of Chronic Alcohol use?

Answer 34

alters liver function, pancreas inflammation, hypertension, cancer, brain tissue loss, and death

Question 35

Effects of Alcohol use during pregnancy

Answer 35

more damage during 1st trimester, Fetal Alcohol syndrome, and Alcohol related neurodevelopment disorder

Question 36

having 5 or more drinks in a row within 2 hours at least once in 30 days

Answer 36

binge drinking

Question 37

DSM-5 anxiety disorders

Answer 37

-specific phobia -social anxiety disorder -panic disorder -general anxiety disorder

Question 38

fear of something definite

Answer 38

specific phobia

Question 39

fear of humiliation of embarrassment while being observed by others

Answer 39

social anxiety disorder

Question 40

sudden unexpected surges in anxiety

Answer 40

panic disorder

Question 41

reaction to future threats is to worry

Answer 41

general anxiety disorder

Question 42

DSM-5 mood disorders

Answer 42

-major depressive disorder -Bipolar 1 disorder

Question 43

Different Treatment programs for Alcoholism

Answer 43

Alcoholics Anonymous, impatient hospital rehabilitation

Question 44

drugs used to relax, calm, or tranquilize

Answer 44

sedatives

Question 45

drugs used to induce sleep

Answer 45

hypnotics

Question 46

a chemical group of sedative-hypnotics

Answer 46

barbiturates

Question 47

depressant drugs that do not have the structure of benzodizapenes

Answer 47

nonbenzodizapines

Question 48

mechanism of actions of depressant drugs

Answer 48

enhance the inhibitory effect of GABA

Question 49

Short acting Barbiturates

Answer 49

Time of onset: 15 mins Duration of Action: 2 to 3 hours

Question 50

Intermediate acting barbiturates

Answer 50

Time of onset: 30 mins Duration of Action: 5 to 6 hours

Question 51

Long acting barbiturates

Answer 51

Time of Onset: 1 hour Duration of Action: 6 to 10 hours

Question 52

benefits of Barbiturates

Answer 52

anxiolytics, sleeping agent

Question 53

beneficial uses of benzodiazepine hypnotics

Answer 53

short acting

Question 54

concerns of benzodiazepine hypnotics

Answer 54

-may induce tolerance, dependence, rebound insomnia

Question 55

concerns of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics

Answer 55

sleepwalking, eating

Question 56

short acting benzodiazapines

Answer 56

Onset of Effect: 15-20 mins 2-8 hours

Question 57

intermediate acting benzodiazepines

Answer 57

onset of effect: 30 mins 10 -20 hours

Question 58

long acting benzodiazepines

Answer 58

onset of effect: 1 hour or more 1-3 days

Question 59

inhalant effects on brain

Answer 59

causes sensory and psychological disorders

Question 60

inhalant dangers

Answer 60

kidney damage, brain damage, peripheral nerve damage, irritation of respiratory tract, severe headache, death by suffocation

Question 61

DSM-5 anxiety disorders

Answer 61

specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder

Question 62

DSM-5 mood disorders

Answer 62

Bipolar disorder, Major depressive disorder

Question 63

DSM-5 psychotic disorders

Answer 63

schizophrenia

Question 64

anatomy of an anxiety disorder

Answer 64

emotion of fear takes the high or low road anxiety always take the low road(thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus fight or flight response

Question 65

anatomy of depression

Answer 65

hippocampus affected by depression low serotonin and dopamine higher corticosteroids

Question 66

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 66

excess of distortions

Question 67

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 67

loss of functions

Question 68

anatomy of schizophrenia

Answer 68

dopamine activity goes up

Question 69

What are the two groups of antipsychotics?

Answer 69

conventional/typical, and typical

Question 70

mechanism of action for conventional antipsychotics

Answer 70

dopamine antagonists, block D2 receptors, produces pseudoparkinism

Question 71

mechanism of action for typical antipscyhotics

Answer 71

serotonin antagonists, block D2 dopamine and 5HT2A serotonin receptors, produces less pseudoparkinism

Question 72

side effects of antipsychotics

Answer 72

allergic reactions, photosensitivity, low WBC, pseudoparkinism, tardive dyskinesia

Question 73

types of antidepressants

Answer 73

monoamine oxide inhibitors, tricyclics, selective reuptake inhibitors

Question 74

mechanism of action for monoamine oxide inhibitors

Answer 74

increases availability of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine by inhibiting enzymatic breakdown

Question 75

mechanism of action for tricyclics

Answer 75

increases availability of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine by interfering with reuptake

Question 76

mechanism of action for selective reuptake inhibitors

Answer 76

increases availability of serotonin and/or norepinephrine in synapse by interfering with reuptake

Question 77

most effective treatment for severe depression

Answer 77

electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 78

mechanism of action of mood stabilizers

Answer 78

modulates the balance between GABA and glutamate receptors

Question 79

side effects of mood stabilizers

Answer 79

potential threat to all body functions by interfering with Na and K ions