Test 2

Question 1

what does the neurotransmitter act on?

Answer 1

the adjacent neuron to stimulate, inhibit, or change activity.

Question 2

control skeletal muscle and parasympathetic effects called?

Answer 2

parasympathetic receptor

Question 3

what do tranquilizers do?

Answer 3

calm/relax animal

Question 4

what do sedatives do?

Answer 4

cause sleepiness/reduced awareness

Question 5

what are stimulates used to treat?

Answer 5

cardiac and respiratory arrests

Question 6

control sympathetic effects can also be referred to as?

Answer 6

sympathetic receptors

Question 7

True or false. anti cholergic agents are used mostly for small animal reduced secretions and reduced GI motility risk inducing choke and colic events in L.A

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam) is what kind of drug?

Answer 8

controlled

Question 9

what is the adverse effect of dexmedomide?

Answer 9

hypertension with a reflex bradycardia

Question 10

T or F. never reverse the bradycardia with atropine and glycopyrrolate - you could induce a cardiac arrest if you do.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

what is step 3 of pathway?

Answer 11

pain perception

Question 12

what is step 2 of pain pathway?

Answer 12

transmissions

Question 13

what is step 1 of pain pathway?

Answer 13

transduction

Question 14

what is opioid analgesics used to treat?

Answer 14

pain or prevent pain, provide sedation

Question 15

what are opioids classified as?

Answer 15

controlled drugs

Question 16

what are 3 major opioid receptors?

Answer 16

mu, kappa, delta

Question 17

mu agonists produce what?

Answer 17

strongest analgesia

Question 18

kappa agonists produce what?

Answer 18

weaker analgesia

Question 19

t or f. opioids are very safe drugs if used properly and should never be with held if plan is a concern in the patient.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

what should fentanyl doses be measured in?

Answer 20

micrograms instead of milligrams

Question 21

what is the duration effect of buprenorphine?

Answer 21

8-12hrs

Question 22

T or F. benpenorphine has a long acting SQ injectable option that lasts 72hrs.

Answer 22

true

Question 23

buprenorphine does not cause what?

Answer 23

nausea and vomiting

Question 24

how can general anesthesia be achieved?

Answer 24

short acting injectable anesthetic

Question 25

what are short acting injectable anesthetic drugs?

Answer 25

propofol, alfaxolone

Question 26

t or f. propofol should be discarded 24hrs after opening, due to risk of bacterial growth with repeated needle puncture.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

is propofol is effective beyond the 24hrs?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

at normal dosage alfaxalone has no…

Answer 28

cardiovascular effects

Question 29

ketamine is a?

Answer 29

controlled substance

Question 30

t or f. tiletamine is commonly seen in use in small animal practice

Answer 30

false

Question 31

what is tiletamine commonly used in?

Answer 31

exotics practice, or zoo and wildlife settings

Question 32

what is the most common gas anesthetic in veterinary medicine?

Answer 32

isoflurane

Question 33

what is the MAC values for isoflurane?

Answer 33

dogs: 1.3% cats: 1.6%

Question 34

what is the MAC values for sevoflurane?

Answer 34

dogs: 2-2.4% cats: 2.5-4%

Question 35

some injectable drugs that we use to premedication protocols and induction protocols sparing meaning?

Answer 35

they reduce the amount of inhalant anesthetic the patient will require to maintain anesthesia.

Question 36

isoflurane has a?

Answer 36

pungent smell

Question 37

recurrent seizures are referred to as?

Answer 37

epilepsy

Question 38

recurrent seizures of a unknown cause are referred to as?

Answer 38

idiopathic epilepsy

Question 39

what refers to the state of being in the seizure activity and is often used to describe prolonged seizure activity?

Answer 39

status epilepticus

Question 40

phenobarbital is a?

Answer 40

controlled substance

Question 41

what cannot have repeats on prescription?

Answer 41

phenobarbital

Question 42

diazepam is a?

Answer 42

controlled substance

Question 43

potassium bromide is an anti-seizure for?

Answer 43

dogs only

Question 44

what are the 3 classes of anti-depressants?

Answer 44

tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Question 45

what are SSRIs in vet med?

Answer 45

fluoxetine (Prozac, reconcile)

Question 46

what’s a human drug that is occasionally used in extra label in pets?

Answer 46

paroxetine (paxil)

Question 47

behavioural modifying meds that are long term use include?

Answer 47

SSRIs, TCAs, MAOs, Gabapentin

Question 48

Behavioural modifying meds that are meant for situations/occasional use only includes?

Answer 48

benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, trazodone, gabapentin

Question 49

the cns is divided into what 2 categories?

Answer 49

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 50

what is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 50

acetylcholine

Question 51

what is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 51

serotonin

Question 52

behaviour modifying drugs such as SSRIs and TCAs exert their effects but doing what?

Answer 52

mimicking serotonin

Question 53

what is the ideal oral medication for long term use in preventing seizure event is epileptics?

Answer 53

phenobarbital

Question 54

what is the main side effect we see with opioid use?

Answer 54

spastic/erratic movement

Question 55

in the case of an opioid overdose, what is the appropriate reversal agent?

Answer 55

Naloxone

Question 56

what is true regarding xylazine?

Answer 56

long lasting alpha 2 agonist

Question 57

what is detomidine?

Answer 57

alpha 2 agonist used in horses

Question 58

what opioid is available as a slow release transdermal patch?

Answer 58

fentanyl

Question 59

what opioids in its standard injectable formulation has the longest duration of action?

Answer 59

buprenorphine

Question 60

what drug is a sedative/tranquilizer and provides analgesia?

Answer 60

dexmedetomide

Question 61

what is true regarding potassium bromide?

Answer 61

anti-epileptic medication, that is usually used as an adjunct in therapy

Question 62

a cat is premeditated with dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and butorphanol. they are induced with propofol. which of the drugs is a controlled substance?

Answer 62

butorphanol and ketamine

Question 63

clomipramine is a TCA that is primarily used to treat senility in aging patients. T or F?

Answer 63

False