Test 2: 17 muscle and tendon

Question 1

soft tissue injury can occur at

Answer 1

muscle belly
musculotendinous junction
tendon
origin/insertion

Question 2

stretching or tearing of a muscle, tendon, or both

Answer 2

strain

Question 3

stretching or tearing of a ligament

Answer 3

sprain

Question 4

tearing off the bone

Answer 4

avulsion

Question 5

why is it harder to heal tendon and ligaments

Answer 5

they are under strain in normal conditions

have poor vascular supply

usually heal with fibrosis/scar

if you immobilize joint to allow tendon or ligament to heal can cause damage to gliding function of the bone

Question 6

stength of tendons and ligaments after they heal vs bone

Answer 6

tendons and ligaments never return to 100%

bones will heal to 100%

Question 7

conservative treatment for tendon injurt

Answer 7

Acute (<24 hrs) vs chronic (>72 hrs)
increase tension)
* Cold compress (acute)
* Warm compress (chronic)
* Exercise restriction
* Supportive bandage :Compressive bandage or Splint
* Weight management
* Physical therapy (gradual increase in tension)

Question 8

goals of surgical intervention on tendons and ligaments

Answer 8

restore functional length
minimize the wound gap
maintain blood supply
avoid adhesions

Question 9

how to suture muscle

Answer 9

need tension reliveing suture

can rip through muscle easily, need to bite through muscle sheath

Question 10

Answer 10

infraspinatus contracture

• Abduct humerus
• Adduction of the elbow
• Abduction of distal limb with a carpal flip
• Limited shoulder ROM

Question 11

how to treat infraspinatus contracture

Answer 11

can cut tendons/fibrotic restrictions and leg will return to normal position

Question 12

Answer 12

quadriceps contracture

fibrotic adhesions between quadraceps and distal femur

Question 13

what happens to limb with infraspinatus contracure?

Answer 13

• Abduct humerus
• Adduction of the elbow
• Abduction of distal limb with a carpal flip
• Limited shoulder ROM

can fix with surgery

Question 14

what happens to animal with quadriceps contracture

Answer 14

stifle and tarsal extension

from adhesions between quad and distal femur

usually in young dogs with femoral fractures

poor or grave prognosis

Question 15

how to treat quadriceps contracture

Answer 15

• Myoplasties
• Arthrodesis
• Amputation

Best treatment is prevention
* PROM and rehabilitation

Prognosis is poor

Question 16

injury to biceps will have pain in what direction

Answer 16

pain when weight bearing

pain when shoulder flexed and elbow extended (arm pulled back)

Question 17

Answer 17

osteophytes in the biceps tendon groove

leads to pain during flexion of the shoulder

Question 18

treatment of biceps tendonitis

Answer 18

if partially torn
exercise restriction
NSAIDs
intra-articular injections: steroids, PRP, MSCs, HA

if fully torn
arthroscopic tendon transection/release
tenodesis (cut and screw into place on humerus instead of scapula)

Question 19

supraspinatus tendinopathy will have pain in — of shoulder

Answer 19

flexion

Question 20

head of humerus

Answer 20

where tendons of different muscles run and where osteophytes will form

Question 21

how to treat supraspinatus tendinopathy

Answer 21

rest and rehab
resect calcifications but CAN NOT transect tendon like you can with biceps tendinopathy

prognosis- good to fair

Question 22

how to treat puppy carpal laxity

Answer 22

cause unknown

usually goes away on its own

can rest and give softer flooring or splint for short period if severe

Question 23

how to xray collateral ligament injury

Answer 23

2 view
and
stress view while pushing on joint

Question 24

how to treat collateral ligament injuries

Answer 24

partial:
rest and immobilizatoin/splint?

tear:
primary repair
synthetic reconstruction
arthrodesis

Question 25

achilles is made of

Answer 25

Calcaneal tendon consists of:
* Gastrocnemius (to ankle)
* Superficial digital flexor (to toes)
* Common tendon of the biceps (to ankle) femoris, gracillis, & semitendonosis

Question 26

what can cause achilles mechanism injury

Answer 26

• common in old working dogs but can be acute trauma in any age
• chronic degenerative syndrome
• diabetes

Question 27

what happens if you rip entire achilles mechanism

Answer 27

hock on the floor

Question 28

what happens if gastocnemeus is torn but not SDF?

Answer 28

partially dropped hock
toes are flexed

Question 29

how to repair achilles injury

Answer 29

Conservative
* Partial tears? -
* Rest & external coaptation/ splint

Surgical repair
* Primary tendon repair
§ Holes drilled in calcaneous
§ Protect repair ESF, bandage
* Arthrodesis

Question 30

when to arthrodesis

Answer 30

can’t fix joint
chronically unstable
severe DJD
neurological injury causing paralysis of limb

Question 31

steps of arthrodesis

Answer 31

• remove articular cartilage and expose subchondral bone
• normal anatomic angle
• rigid fixation
• bone graft
• exfix or splint

Question 32

arthrodesis of — joints works the best

Answer 32

below the elbow or knee

Question 33

when to use partial arthrodesis

Answer 33

fuse only a portion of the joint
maintain some function of the joint