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23 spring: ortho > Test 2: 20: orthopedic disease of dogs > Flashcards

Test 2: 20: orthopedic disease of dogs Flashcards

1
Q

panosteitis occurs in — age dogs

A

5-18 months

single or multiple limbs
large or giant breeds

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2
Q

clinical signs of panosteitis

A

shifting lameness
not changed by exercise or rest
long bone: Ulna > radius > humerus > femur > tibia
pain mid shaft of bone

large or giant breed
5-18 months old

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3
Q

panosteitis occurs in what bones

A

Ulna > radius > humerus > femur > tibia

large or giant breeds
5-18 months
shifting lameness
pain mid shaft of bone

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4
Q

what causes panosteitis

A

unknown:
could be genetic, viral, autoimmune

Disease of the adipocytes
* Death of medullary adipocytes near nutrient foramen → stimulates fibroblastic and osteoblastic activity → intramedullary new bone formation and resorption

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5
Q

xray of panosteitis

A

Intramedullary opacity
Endosteal thickening
Periosteal new bone

large breed
5-18 months
mid shaft long bone pain

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6
Q

treatment of panosteitis

A

conservative
usually goes away in a few months
NSAIDs for pain

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7
Q

Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy occurs in — age dogs

A

HOD
large and giant breed
3-5 months old

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8
Q

dogs with Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy(HOD) present with

A

fever
depression, anorexia, refusal to stand/walk

large breeds
3-5 months old

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9
Q

dogs with Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy(HOD) present with

A

fever
depression, anorexia, refusal to stand/walk
swollen metaphysis
painful at growth plates (especially front legs)

large breeds
3-5 months old

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10
Q

what causes Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD)

A

unknown
viral?

people previously thought vit D deficiencies

large breed
3-5 months
painful at physis, won’t walk, fever

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11
Q

xrays of HOD

A

pseudophysis
* Irregular radiolucent line on the metaphyseal side of the physis

widening of physis

As disease progresses – periosteal new
bone formation that can span the active physis

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12
Q

what zone increases with HOD

A

hypertrophic zone

widens but not calcified- inflammatory cells can invade

form pseydophysis

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13
Q

treatment of mild HOD

A

resolves in a few days
pain (NSAIDs)

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14
Q

treatment of moderate HOD

A

pain relief
IVF

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15
Q

treatment of severe HOD

A

Analgesia, IVF, feeding tubes, well padded bedding, recumbent care

if very severe→euthanasia

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16
Q

prognosis of HOD

A

mild and moderate: good but can relapse

severe: good but ususually permanent malformation, sometimes have to euthanize

17
Q

what causes osteochondrosis

A

delay in endrochondral ossification

forms cartilage island that can cause pain and degregation of joint

18
Q

osteochondrosis at the primary physis will cause

A

Growth abnormalities (angular limb
deformities, slipped physis)

primary physis= metaphyseal growth plate (green)

19
Q

osteochondrosis at the 2nd physis can cause

A

Growth abnormalities

May result in chondro-osseous flaps
→ Osteochondritis dissecans OCD

secondary physis= epiphyseal

20
Q

OCD on xray

A

irregularity in normal subchondral bone contour

joint mice if pieces break off

subchondral sclerosis

21
Q

OCD in dogs in stifle is common on

A

lateral femoral condyle

22
Q

shoulder OCD in dogs in common on

A

caudal humeral head

23
Q

tarsal OCD in dogs is common on

A

medial trochlear ridge of the talus

24
Q

elbow OCD in dogs is common on the

A

humeral trochlea

25
Q

treatment of OCD

A

remove flap

debride and expose subchondral bone → fibrocartilage

can use chondral, osteochondral or synthetic graphs

26
Q

prognosis of OCD

A

depends on joint involved and size of defect

27
Q

which joint usually does poorly with OCD in dogs

A

elbow
tarsus
stifle

28
Q

which joint does well after surgery for OCD in dogs

A

shoulder

29
Q

elbow what is wrong

A

ununited anconeal process (UAP)

Failure of union of the anconeus
and ulna
* Usually fuses b/t 14-15 weeks
* Few breeds longer and up to 20 weeks

30
Q

elbow what is wrong

A

fragmented medial coronoid process (FCP)

31
Q

elbow: what is wrong

A

elbow incongruity: radius and ulna different lengths

32
Q

if you have partial damage to physis what happens to bone

A

will curve

angulation and legth discrepancy

33
Q

this is common in beagles

A

premature closure of the distral ulnar physis

leads to angular limb deformities

34
Q

how to treat early angular limb deformities

A

Protect the joints above and below
from incongruity and subsequent OA and pain

Early – partial ulnar ostectomy
* Untether radial growth from the ulna
for the entire period of growth

35
Q

how to treat later angular limb deformities

A

limb straightening +/- limb lengthening
* Osteotomy, wedge ostectomy
* CESF with distraction osteogenesis

36
Q

where are common sites of OCD in dogs

A

stifle: lateral femoral condyle
tarsal: medial trochlear ridge of the talus

shoulder: caudal humeral head
elbow: humeral trochlea

23 spring: ortho (27 decks)

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