Test 2

Question 1

all living things are composed of at least one —-

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

what is the smallest cell or virus

Answer 2

a typical virus

Question 3

a smaller size increases the —- to volume ratio of a cell

Answer 3

surface area

Question 4

what is an example of a prokaryotic?

Answer 4

bacteria

Question 5

prokaryotic cells do not contain

Answer 5

a nucleus

Question 6

the semifluid enclosed by a cell’s plasma membrane is called the what?

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

in a prokaryotic cell, the middle layer of the cell envelope is …

Answer 7

the cell wall

Question 8

bacteria cells contain?

Answer 8

• a cytoplasm
• ribosomes
• cell wall
• chromosome

Question 9

flagella are whip-like tails that some cells use for?

Answer 9

locomotion

Question 10

the theory of endosymbiosis explains the origins of ..

Answer 10

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 11

the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell is usually the …

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

ribosomes are present …

Answer 12

in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Question 13

the interior of any tubular organ or organelle is called the …

Answer 13

lumen

Question 14

in a eukaryotic cell, transcription occurs in the — and translation occurs at the —.

Answer 14

nucleus , ribosomes

Question 15

what does rough ER have attached to its outer surface?

Answer 15

ribosomes

Question 16

in order to more easily receive transport vesicles, the Cis side of the golgi body directly faces the …

Answer 16

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

the release of molecules ( like hormones or digestive enzymes) to the outside of a cell is called

Answer 17

secretion

Question 18

a typical plant cell contains …

Answer 18

• ribosomes
• mitochondria
• a central vacuole
• chloroplasts

Question 19

the thylakoid and stroma are located in which organelle

Answer 19

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

which component of the cytoskeleton provides tracks for the movement of vesicles and other organelles?

Answer 20

microtubules

Question 21

the basic structure of all cell membranes is a

Answer 21

phospholipid bilayer

Question 22

cell membranes are fluid. this means they are —-.

Answer 22

flexible

Question 23

which type of membrane proteins interact with signal molecules on the outside of the cell?

Answer 23

receptor

Question 24

the passive movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called ?

Answer 24

diffusion

Question 25

the passive movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane is called?

Answer 25

osmosis

Question 26

O2 and CO2 are small and hydrophobic, therefore ....

Answer 26

they may diffuse directly through cell membranes very quickly

Question 27

ions are very hydrophilic and are therefore unable to diffuse directly across a cell membrane. what is an example of ions?

Answer 27

N+ , H+ , K+ , and CL-

Question 28

glucose is relatively large and polar, therefore ....

Answer 28

it may pass through a cell membrane only with the help of a transporter

Question 29

tonicity is a measure of the relative total ----- concentrations of 2 solutions separated by a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 29

salt

Question 30

when a red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution such as 0.9% saline,

Answer 30

nothing happens

Question 31

when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution such as pure water,

Answer 31

the cell will swell as it gains water and probably explodes

Question 32

the intake of large molecules, particles, or whole cells by other cells is called ?

Answer 32

phagocytosis

Question 33

energy occurs in 2 forms: ----- energy is the energy of motion, while ------ energy is stored energy.

Answer 33

kinetic and potential

Question 34

converting energy from one form to another is never 100% efficient. some energy is always lost as -----.

Answer 34

heat

Question 35

catabolic pathways like cellular respiration are always ....

Answer 35

degradative and exergonic

Question 36

Endergonic means that ....

Answer 36

energy is consumed

Question 37

consider the following pathway: A+B to C to D+E. molecule D represents what

Answer 37

a product

Question 38

consider the following pathway: A+B to C to D+E. molecule A is what

Answer 38

a reactant

Question 39

each and every step of a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by a different

Answer 39

enzyme

Question 40

the universal energy currency is called .....

Answer 40

ATP

Question 41

reduction is the

Answer 41

gain of electrons

Question 42

enzymes are ...

Answer 42

- reusable - reversible - very fast - very specific

Question 43

how do enzymes speed up metabolic reactions?

Answer 43

enzymes reduce the activation energy required to start a reaction

Question 44

how many phosphate groups does ATP contain?

Answer 44

3

Question 45

the hydrolysis of ATP is ...

Answer 45

exergonic and catabolic

Question 46

H+ is equivalent to a

Answer 46

proton

Question 47

NADPH, NADH, and FADH2 are carries of ...

Answer 47

electrons

Question 48

most enzymes are ...

Answer 48

proteins

Question 49

which gas is produced during photosynthesis

Answer 49

O2

Question 50

which gas is consumed during cellular respiration?

Answer 50

O2