Chapter 10

Question 1

What is meiosis

Answer 1

cell division by reproductive cells

Question 2

what are reproductive cells called?

Answer 2

Gametes

Question 3

Mitosis is performed by what kind of body cells?

Answer 3

normal (somatic cells)

Question 4

how many rounds are done in mitosis?

Answer 4

one round

Question 5

what kind of cell division happens in mitosis?

Answer 5

conservative division

Question 6

how many chromosomes are moved from parent to daughter cells in humans?

Answer 6

46 chromosomes

Question 7

Meiosis is performed by what kind of cells?

Answer 7

reproductive cells (gametes)

Question 8

how many rounds of cell division happen in Meiosis?

Answer 8

2 rounds

Question 9

In miosis, how many chromosomes are transferred from parent to daughter cells?

Answer 9

46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes.

Question 10

Why do humans end with 23 chromosomes in meiosis?

Answer 10

Those are the matured egg and sperm cells.

Question 11

1 haploid egg + 1 haploid sperm = what?

Answer 11

1 diploid zygote

Question 12

what’s a diploid cell?

Answer 12

cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 13

what’s a haploid cell?

Answer 13

cell containing 1 chromosome

Question 14

independent assortment is what?

Answer 14

gametes carrying random combinations of maternal and parental chromosomes

Question 15

what is crossing over?

Answer 15

physical exchange of genetic material

Question 16

what is a tetrad?

Answer 16

4 pairs of chromosomes (bivalent)

Question 17

in meiosis, prophase 1, what happens in this step?

Answer 17

Tetrads are formed and held together by a synaptonemal complex

Question 18

what needs to happen before prophase 1 is able to start in meiosis?

Answer 18

DNA is replicated in order to start prophase 1.

Question 19

crossing over only occurs in what stage of meiosis?

Answer 19

in prophase 1

Question 20

what happens in metaphase 1 in meiosis?

Answer 20

the tetrads line up along the metaphase plate horizontally.

Question 21

what happens in anaphase 1 in meiosis?

Answer 21

pairs of sister chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell

Question 22

what happens in telophase 1 in meiosis?

Answer 22

sister chromatids arrive on opposite sides of the cell, while the sister chromatids are haploid.

Question 23

how many reductive rounds are formed in telophase 1?

Answer 23

1 round

Question 24

what is interkinesis?

Answer 24

a resting period between the rounds of cell division.

Question 25

what happens after interkinesis?

Answer 25

there is 1 conservative round before the next phase.

Question 26

what happens in prophase 2?

Answer 26

DNA replication does not occur, and chromatids line up in the middle vertically.

Question 27

what happens in metaphase, anaphase, and telophase 2?

Answer 27

similar to mitosis except 4 haploid daughter cells are formed

Question 28

spermatogenesis occurs where?

Answer 28

in the male testes

Question 29

oogenesis happens where?

Answer 29

in the female ovaries

Question 30

primary oocytes undergo crossing over, when?

Answer 30

before birth then arrests in prophase 1 until ovulation.

Question 31

what does the zygote inherit from sperm and eggs?

Answer 31

from the sperm it inherits 1 set of chromosomes and a centrosome from the eggs they inherit all other organelles

Question 32

what is aneuploid?

Answer 32

having an abnormal amount of chromosomes

Question 33

what is monosomy?

Answer 33

having one version of a certain chromosome instead of 2. (a spontaneous miscarriage)

Question 34

what is trisomy?

Answer 34

having 3 versions of a certain chromosome instead of 2. (spontaneous miscarriage)

Question 35

nondisjunction

Answer 35

failure of paired chromosomes in cell division

Question 36

trisomy 21

Answer 36

- aka down syndrome - 3 copies of chromosome 21 - most common

Question 37

turner syndrome

Answer 37

- happens in females only - with only 1 chromosome

Question 38

Klinefelter's syndrome

Answer 38

- happens only in males - has 2 or more chromosomes