test 3

Question 1

which of the following perform photosynthesis?

Answer 1

cyanobacteria

Question 2

because photosynthesis is an —- process, it requires energy. this energy is provided by sunlight.

Answer 2

endergonic

Question 3

the pigments in plants that absorb sunlight are

Answer 3

chlorophylls

Question 4

where are the light-absorbing pigments in plants located?

Answer 4

thylakoid membrane

Question 5

which organelle in plants and algae contains the thylakoid membrane and stroma?

Answer 5

chloroplasts

Question 6

which 2 colors of light are NOT well absorbed by photosynthetic pigments

Answer 6

yellow and green

Question 7

what gas molecules does the water-splitting enzyme generate as a by-product during photosynthesis?

Answer 7

O2

Question 8

during the light reactions of photosynthesis, ATP is generated indirectly, by a process called….

Answer 8

chemiosmosis

Question 9

ATP synthases attach a —– to ADP to make ATP

Answer 9

Phosphate group

Question 10

during the light reactions of photosynthesis, the flow of —— from high to low concentration provides ATP synthases enzymes with the energy needed to produce ATP.

Answer 10

H+

Question 11

the Calvin cycle reactions consume —- and —– produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis in order to synthesize glucose.

Answer 11

CO2 and ATP

Question 12

where do the Calvin cycle reactions take place?

Answer 12

chloroplast stroma

Question 13

the first step of the Calvin-Benson cycle, whereby a carbon atom from CO2 is attached to RuBP by the enzyme Rubisco, is called…

Answer 13

carbon-fixation

Question 14

how many CO2 molecules are needed to make 1glucose molecule during the Calvin-Benson cycle?

Answer 14

6

Question 15

the glucose molecules made during the Calvin-Benson cycle are used to make

Answer 15

• sucrose
• starch
• cellulose

Question 16

NADPH is produced during photosynthesis. NADH and FADH2 are produced during aerobic respiration. all 3 of these molecules each carry 2 high energy

Answer 16

electrons

Question 17

electrons transport chains are involved in

Answer 17

photosynthesis and aerobic respiration

Question 18

the universal energy currency is generated during cellular respiration is

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

Cellular respiration releases which gas into the air?

Answer 19

CO2

Question 20

Aerobic respiration is 1 version of cellular respiration. unlike other versions of respiration, aerobic respiration requires which gas molecules?

Answer 20

O2

Question 21

stages of cellular respiration in correct order

Answer 21

Glycolysis, predatory reaction, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 22

where do the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 22

in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 23

where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 23

in the cytoplasm

Question 24

where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

Answer 24

in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 25

what stage of cellular respiration makes pyruvates, NADH, and ATP?

Answer 25

glycolysis

Question 26

what stage of cellular respiration makes acetyl-CoA, NADH, and ATP?

Answer 26

preparatory reaction

Question 27

what stage of cellular respiration involves an electron transport chain and produces ATP indirectly?

Answer 27

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 28

what type of enzymes transfer phosphate groups from 1 molecule to a different molecule?

Answer 28

kinases

Question 29

during cellular respiration, what happens to the oxygen (O2) we inhale?

Answer 29

electrons are added to it to make water

Question 30

which molecule functions like a turbine, generating rotational energy that is used to produce ATP?

Answer 30

ATP synthase

Question 31

which of the following organisms, used to make beer, wine, and bread, carry out ethanol fermentation?

Answer 31

yeast

Question 32

the bacteria that are used to make yogurt, sour cream, cheese, and other foods carry out fermentation in which pyruvate is converted to what molecule?

Answer 32

lactic acid

Question 33

under optimal conditions, bacteria like E. coli typically carry out cellular division about once every...

Answer 33

20 minutes

Question 34

during 1 round of cellular reproduction , 1 parent cell divides into ...

Answer 34

2 daughter cells

Question 35

programmed cell death is also called

Answer 35

apoptosis

Question 36

most eukaryotic cells, including most human cells, are diploid. this means they normally contain how many sets of chromosomes?

Answer 36

2

Question 37

during the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells spend most of their time in ----, which consists of G1, S, and G2.

Answer 37

S

Question 38

sister chromatids (identical copies of a chromosome) are temporarily held together by a ...

Answer 38

centromere

Question 39

what is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Answer 39

prophase, late prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 40

during which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes start to condense and the nuclear envelope break apart?

Answer 40

prophase

Question 41

what are the names of the proteins that help the chromosomes condense?

Answer 41

histones

Question 42

during which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids line up along the center of the cell?

Answer 42

metaphase

Question 43

during which stage of meiosis do the sister chromatids start moving towards opposite sides of the cell?

Answer 43

anaphase

Question 44

during which stage of mitosis does the mitotic spindle disassemble and 2 nuclear envelopes reform?

Answer 44

telophase

Question 45

the mitotic spindle moves chromosomes during mitosis. it is made up of centrosome and ------.

Answer 45

microtubules

Question 46

the division of the cytoplasm is called ---

Answer 46

cytokinesis

Question 47

the cell cycle is tightly controlled; it can pause at ----- if conditions are not normal.

Answer 47

checkpoints

Question 48

tumor suppressor genes inhibit passage through the cell cycle and/or trigger apoptosis, what is an example of a tumor suppressor gene?

Answer 48

p53