test 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
what other titles are given to ancient Mesopotamia and what do the terms mean
~mesopotamians “land between rivers.” - given by the greeks
~fertile cresent- because it was the bread basket of fertile grounds
~cradle of civilization
why was mesopotamia not rules by only one group of people
it is flat and un-defendable being right out in the open with no mountains so there was always chaos
what was the earliest form of governmental authority in ancient mesopotamia and what did they not have at first, so in return had to have something else to rule.
city states. at first mesopotamia didn’t have kings, so an elite priestly ruled.
what is a ziggurat what what does it symbolize
a temple at the top and an observatory because their gods were the planets. a holy mountain. made of mestaba
accomplishments and inventions of the mesopotamians
360 equal points(a way to record time) 7-day week. irrigation. laws. developed writing “cuneiform” which means wedge. metal blades for plows. astronomy. potters wheel and transportation wheel. war chariots. composite bow. armor. iron weapons. use horses instead of donkey. horse shoes and bits. algebra.
what does “wings or horns” signify
gods, divine, heavenly creatures
major contributions of the sumerians
cuneiform “wedge”
what does the standard of Ur depict
wealth on the bottom and military on top… propoganda
the purpose of the “votive statuettes” from tell asmar
windows to the soul. used for perpetual worship
the importance of the cast copper portrait bust of sargon
the first known hollow cast. has horns on the helmet. used a grid system based on 10 X 10. inlaid stone in the eyes
the importance of madam-sin stele… what change does it suggest has taken place in governmental activity
he is now a god instead of a king
what is the important contribution of hammurabis stele and what is depicted on it
the laws and was known as a great builder. its the first attempt of foreshortening in an image
the importance of the “lamassu” sculptures at the palace entrance of Sargon 2
winged lion or a winged bull. a heavenly creature that was a guard of the king. 5 legs.
who was the most renowned babylonian king
nebekenessur
what neb-babylonians greatest attraction was in the ancient world
the hanging gardens of babylon
what is special about the “Ishtar” gates
it displays the use of Mesopotamian arch. fired brick
why did egypt enjoy consistency for millennia in its culture
national barriers
the different periods of ancient egypt
predynastic, old, intermediate, middle, intermediate, and new
the divisions of ancient egypts kingdoms
upper and lower… based on the flow of the nile river
who was the first pharaoh to unite ancient egypt
namere
what main artifacts is attributed to his rule and what its importance historically in egyptian art
the palate of namer- one of the only historical references in egyptian art to an actual event
what type of mortuary structure pre-dynastic egyptians were buried in
mastaba- rectangular sun dried brick
the pharaoh who changed the type of mortuary structure used for burial at the end of the pre-dynastic period and how was it different
djoser- this was used from cultural transfer. looks like a ziggurat but not because it wasn’t a temple or an observatory, but a burial chamber
the significance of the stiff stance of pharaonic structure
means eternalness… unmovable, unchanging
