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Anatomy > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

(156 cards)

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1
Q

epicranius

A

two muscles (frontalis and occipitalis) and an aponeurosis

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2
Q

frontalis

A

elevates eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

part of the epicranius

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3
Q

occipitalis

A

draws scalp backward

part of the epicranius

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4
Q

orbicularlis oculi

A

closes eyes (wink)

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5
Q

orbicularlis oris

A

closes and puckers lips (kiss)

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6
Q

zygomaticus major

A

elevates corner of mouth (smile)

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7
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

depresses corner of mouth (frown)

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8
Q

buccinator

A

pulls cheeks against teeth when chewing

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9
Q

platysma

A

tenses skin of neck and depresses lower lip

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10
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

masseter
temporalis
medial and lateral pterygoids

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11
Q

masseter

A

elevates mandible

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12
Q

temporalis

A

elevates and retracts mandible

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13
Q

medial and lateral pterygoids

A

elevates mandible and moves mandible side to side

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14
Q

3 muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus

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15
Q

genioglossus

A

protracts and depresses tongue

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16
Q

styloglossus

A

retracts and elevates tongue

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17
Q

hyoglossus

A

depresses sides of tongue

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18
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

(lateral neck muscle) each rotates head to opposite side; together flex the head/neck

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19
Q

splenius capitis

A

(posterior neck muscle) each rotates head to one side. together: extend the neck/head

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20
Q

suprahyoid muscles (4)

A 
(anterior neck muscles)
digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
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21
Q

digastric

A

elevates hyoid and depresses mandible

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22
Q

stylohyoid

A

elevates hyoid bone

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23
Q

mylohyloid

A

elevates hyoid and raises floor of mouth

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24
Q

geniohyoid

A

elevates hyoid bone

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25
infrahyoid bones (4)
``` (anterior neck muscles) sternohyoid omohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid ```
26
sternohyoid
depresses hyoid
27
omohyoid
depresses hyoid
28
sternothyroid
depresses thyroid cartilage
29
thyrohyoid
depresses hyoid bone and raises thyroid cartilage
30
two types of back muscles
superficial back musles | deep back muscles
31
deep back muscles (2)
quadratus lumborum | erector spinae
32
quadratus lumborum
together extend lumbar vertebral column, unilaterially: each laterally flexes vertebral column
33
erector spinae
extend the vertebral column | consists of: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
34
iliocostalis
most lateral of the erector spinae
35
longissimus
intermediate of the erector spinae
36
spinalis
most medial of the erector spinae
37
deep thorax muscles (breathing)
diaphragm external intercostals internal intercostals scalenes
38
diaphragm
contraction pulls the central portion down, increasing vertical dimensions of thorax
39
external intercostals
elevate ribs during inhalation
40
internal intercostals
depresses ribs during exhalation
41
scalenes
elevates ribs during inspiration
42
abdominal muscles
``` as a group - they compress the abdominal contents and flex the vertebral column external abdominal oblique internal abdominal oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis ```
43
external abdominal oblique
runs at angle (first layer)
44
internal abdominal oblique
runs at angle (second layer)
45
transversus abdominis
horizontal
46
rectus abdominis
on front, primary flexor of vertebrae
47
pelvic diaphragm/urogenital diaphragm
1. closes inferior opening of pelvis | 2. supports the pelvic organs
48
muscles that move the scapula (5)
``` trapezius rhomboids (major, minor) levator scapulae pectoralis minor serratus anterior ```
49
trapezius
elevates, depresses, retracts and rotates scapula
50
rhomboids (major, minor)
elevates and retracts scapula
51
levator scapulae
elevates scapula
52
pectoralis minor
protracts (pulls forward) and depresses (downward) scapula
53
serratus anterior
same as pectoralis minor
54
pectoralis major
flexes adducts and medially rotates humerus
55
latissimus dorsi
adducts, extends and medially rotates arm/humerus | attaches to front of humerus
56
deltoid
abducts, flexes and extends arm/humerus
57
coracobrachialis
flexes, adducts arm/humerus
58
teres major
extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm/humerus
59
rotator cuff muscles (4)
supscapularis supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor
60
subscapularis
medially rotates arm/humerus
61
supraspinatus
abducts and laterally rotates arm/humerus
62
infraspinatus
laterally rotates arm/humerus
63
teres minor
laterally rotates arm/humerus
64
biceps brachii
flexor of the forearm/elbow joint
65
brachialis
primary elbow flexor
66
brachioradialis
flexes the forearm/elbow
67
triceps brachii
extends the forearm/elbow
68
anconeus
extends the forearm/elbow
69
pronator teres
pronates forearm
70
flexor carpi radialis
flexes wrist and adducts hand (superficial)
71
palmaris longus
flexes wrist (superficial)
72
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes wrist and adducts hand (superficial)
73
flexor digitorium superficialis
flexes wrist and flexes digits 2-5 at the MP and PIP joints (intermediate group)
74
flexor digitorum profundus
flexes flexes wrist and digits 2-5 at the MP PIP and DIP joints (deep group)
75
flexor pollicis longus
flexes thumb (deep)
76
pronator quadratus
pronates forearm (deep)
77
extensor carpi radialis longus
extends wrist and abducts hand (superficial group)
78
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extends wrist and abducts hand (superficial)
79
extensor digitorum
extends wrist and extends digits 2-5 at MP, PIP, and DIP joints (superficial group)
80
extensor carpi ulnaris
extends wrist and adducts hand (superficial group)
81
supinator
supinates forearm (deep)
82
abductor pollicis longus
abducts thumb (deep)
83
extensor pollicis longus
extends thumb (deep)
84
hand muscles (3)
thenar hypothenar midpalmar muscles
85
thenar
move the thumb
86
hypothenar
move pinky
87
midpalmar muscles (3)
-moves fingers 2-5 -all muslces flex the MP joints and extend the PIP/DIP joints lumbricales palmar interossei dorsal interossei
88
palmar interossei
also adduct fingers
89
dorsal interossei
also abduct fingers
90
iliacus
flex the thigh/hip
91
psoas major
flex the thigh/hip
92
sartorius
flex the thigh/hip and the leg/knee
93
quadricepts femoris (4)
extend the leg/knee - rectus femoris - vastus medialis - vastus intermedius - vastus lateralis
94
rectus femoris
extend the leg/knee
95
vastus medialis
extend the leg/knee
96
vastus intermedius
extend the leg/knee
97
vastus lateralis
extend the leg/knee
98
adductors (longus, brevis, magnus)
adduct and flex the thigh/hip
99
pectineus
adducts and flexes the thigh/hip
100
gracilis
adducts the thigh/hip, and flexes the leg/knee
101
lateral compartment of the thigh muscles
tensor fascia latae and iliotibial tract
102
anterior compartment of thigh (4)
iliacus psoas major sartorius quadriceps femoris
103
medial compartment of thigh (3)
adductors pectineus gracilis
104
posterior compartment (2 groups)
gluteal muscles | hamstring muscles
105
gluteal muscles (3)
gluteus maximus gluteus medius gluteus minimus
106
gluteus maximus
extends thigh/hip
107
gluteus medius
abducts thigh/hip
108
gluteus minimus
abducts thigh/hip
109
hamstring muscles (3)
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus
110
biceps femoris
most lateral - extend the thigh(hip) and flex the leg (knee)
111
semitendinosus
extend the thigh(hip) and flex the leg (knee)
112
semimembranosus
extend the thigh(hip) and flex the leg (knee)
113
tibialis anterior
dorsiflex the foot/ankle | also inverts foot (pulls sole inward, pulls arch up)
114
extensor digitorum longus
dorsiflex foot/ankle | extends toes 2-5
115
extensor hallucis longus
dorsiflex the foot/ankle | also extends big toe
116
flexor digitorum longus
plantar flexes foot/ankle and flexes toes 2-5
117
tibialis posterior
plantar flexes foot/ankle and inverts foot
118
extensor digitorum brevis
extends toes 2-4
119
extensor hallucis brevis
extends big toe
120
plantar side of foot has..
4 layers of flexors, abductors, and adductors of toes.
121
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord "control center"
122
peripheral nervous center
cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia
123
two divisions of PNS
sensory (afferent) | motor (efferent)
124
sensory division
transmits information TO the CNS from the sensory receptors
125
two types of sensory input
somatic sensory | visceral sensory
126
somatic sensory
receives sensory info from the skin, joints, skeletal muscle, and special sense (vision, hearing, taste, smell, balance)
127
visceral sensory
receives sensory info from the internal organs (primarily stretch and pain)
128
motor division of PNS
transmits information away from the CNS
129
two systems of motor division
somatic (voluntary) nervous system | autonomic (involuntary) nervous system
130
somatic nervous system
neurons go to skeletal muscle
131
autonomic NS
neurons go to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and all glands
132
two parts of autonomic system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
133
nervous tissue cells (2)
neurons and supporting cells (neuroganglia)
134
neurons
respond to stimuli and conduct impulses
135
supporting cells (neuroganglia)
support and protect neurons (more numerous than neurons)
136
6 parts of neuron
``` cell body nucleus nissl bodies dendrites axon axon hillock ```
137
cell body
responsible for nutrition, growth, and repair of neuron | contains cytoplasm, organelles, and nucleus
138
nucleus
contains DNA and nucleolus (RNA)
139
nissl bodies
=chromatophilic substance | rough ER
140
dendrites
conduct electrical impulses toward the cell body
141
axon
conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body (theres always just one but it may have branches)
142
axon hillock
portion of cell body from where axon originates
143
multipolar neuron
one axon and many dendrites off of cell body; most common
144
bipolar neuron
2 processes off of the cell body; one axon and one dendrite
145
unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron
single process comes off the cell body and divides into two branches
146
sensory (afferent) neurons
bring info to the CNS. These can be either unipolar or bipolar
147
motor (efferent) neurons
take information from CNS to other parts of the body. these are always multipolar
148
association (interneurons) neurons
allow for communication between neurons within the CNS. These are always multipolar neurons
149
6 types of neuroglial cells
``` astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglia ependymal cells satellite cells neurolemmocytes (schwann cells) ```
150
astrocytes
regulates transfer of nutrients from blood to the brain helps form part of the blood brain barrier found in CNS
151
oligodendrocytes
mylenate axons in CNS
152
myelination
process of wrapping an axon with myelin | in CNS
153
microglia
ingests damaged neurons and foreign substances | in CNS
154
ependymal cells
line central canal (in spinal cord) and ventricles (in brain and brain stem) - help circulate CSF in CNS
155
satellite cells
surround neuron cell bodies in spinal ganglia (function like astrocytes - regulate nutrient exchange/waste removal for neurons) in PNS
156
neurolemmocytes (Schwann Cells)
mylinate axons in PNS

Anatomy (4 decks)

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