Test 2 Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
Has mass and takes up space
A
Matter
2
Q
Doesn’t change the substance where as chemical does change
A
Physical Change
3
Q
Example of this change is burning a piece of paper
A
Chemical Change
4
Q
Massless, takes up no space, measured by effect on matter
A
Energy
5
Q
Energy at stored
A
Potential
6
Q
Energy of motion
A
Kinetic
7
Q
Good
A
Chemical Energy
8
Q
Flow of elements
A
Electrical Energy
9
Q
Movement
A
Mechanical Change
10
Q
Giving off of your body
A
Radiant
11
Q
Pure substances (parotid table)
A
Elements
12
Q
Smallest function of an element
A
Atom
13
Q
Has a positive charge, has an AMU of 1 and is located in the center
A
Protons
14
Q
Has a charge of neutral., located in the center, and has a mass of I AMU
A
Neutrons
15
Q
What does AMU stand for?
A
Atomic Mass Unit
16
Q
Has a charge of negative, located is outside of the nucleus, mass of small
A
Electrons
17
Q
Number of protons.
A
Atomic number
18
Q
Mass of the whole atom, protons, and neutrons
A
Mass number
19
Q
Element with a varying number of neutrons
A
Isotopes
20
Q
Ratio active isotope, precautions when using them
A
Radioisotope
21
Q
2 or more atoms chemically combined
A
Molecules
22
Q
Formula H2O, C6H12O6, short hand not write it out
A
Molecular
23
Q
2 or more atoms to form a molecule
A
Compound
24
Q
Energy relationships involving interactions between elements of reacting atoms
A
Chemical Bond
25
Energy Levels
3
26
2 electrons, closes to the nucleus
1st energy level
27
8 electrons (no more than 8)
2nd energy level
28
18, rule of 8, 8 electrons in valence shell
3rd energy level
29
Lose or gain
Ionic
30
Anions (gained electrons)
-Ions
31
Cations (lost electrons)
+ions
32
Molecule always has definite 3-D shape, electrons are shared
Covalent
33
Non-polar covalently bonded molecules
Equal sharing of electrons
34
2 charged poles, orient towards other polar molecules, water is an example
Polar molecule
35
Are weak bands, important in DNA structure and also in helping protects to maintain their shape
Hydrogen bond
36
A+B=AB
Synthesis Reaction
37
AB=A+B
Decomposition Reaction
38
- carbon containing
- large
- covalently bonded
- carbohydrates p, lipids, proteins nucleic Acids
Organic
39
- lack carbon
- simpler
- smaller
- salts, water, acids, bases
Inorganic
40
Most abundant, 60-70% of weight necessary because it holds and releases heat in large amount be there there is a great change in its temperature
Water
41
Dissolves solutes to make a mixture
Solvent
42
Is a solution of solute particles are small
Mixture
43
If solute particles are large
Suspension
44
Particles intermediate, solution is translucent
Colloids
45
Oil for joints
Synovial fluid
46
Gravity, moves along
Mucus
47
Helps swallow
Saliva
48
- Ca+P are the most common
- founded in bones and teeth
- **in the body, salts dissociate to form ions
- Na&K needed for nerve transmission
- Fe needed for red blood cells
- all are electrolytes
Salts
49
- sour taste
- dissolve many metals
- release H+ in detectable amounts
- Proton donors
Acids
50
- bitter
- feels slippery
- proton acceptors
Bases
51
- chemical composition of Hydrogen
- sugars plus starches
- 2 to 1 ratio of Hydrogen and Oxygen-contains hydrogen oxygen and carbon
Carbohydrates
52
There are how many groups of Carbohydrates?
3
53
-glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose
Monosaccharides
54
- created with 2 monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis
- H2O lost when molecule forms
- sucrose (glucose + fructose)
- maltose (glucose + glucose)
- lactose (glucose + galactose)
Disaccharides
55
-large insoluble, ideal for storage, lack sweetness starch -- formed by linked glucose unites, get it from starchy foods
Polysaccharides
56
Found in animal muscle and liver, smaller than starch
Glycogen
57
- large molecules
- neutral fats, phospholipids and steroids are lipids found in the body
- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
- insoluble in water
Lipids
58
- triglycerides
- fatty acids (3)
- glycerol
- animal fats are saturated, single carbon bonds with no more ability to bond with hydrogen
- most abundant and concentrated source of energy
- -around organs
- -under skin
Neutra Fats
59
- 2 fatty acids and one phosphorus containing group and glycerol
- have changed end, impotent for cells regulating movement of materials across all members
Phospholipids
60
- flat molecules with 4 interlocking rings
- choiestered is the most important
- found in animal fats
- lover makes it
- used for: vitamin D formation makes calcium go into bones, cell membrane, part of some hormones, bite salts help break down fats
Steroids
61
- 50% of organic material in the body
- functions: construction and cell functions
- contains C,H,N and sometimes S
- amino acids are the building blocks
- make up amino acids
- 50 to thousands of amino acids may link together to for a protein
Proteins
62
- used for binding and strengthening
- -ex: collagen -bones, cartilage, tendors
- -ex: Keratin - hairs and nails
Fibrous/structural
63
- mobile, spherical
- important in all biological process
- -examples: antibodies, hormones, enzymes
Globular/function
64
Takes proteins and twist them so it changes their physical structure
Denatured
65
- catalyze
- reusable
- millions of reactions each minutes
- specilis
- ace ending for most
Enzymes
66
- stores the energy from glucose
- has adenine base, ribose sugar (5)
- 3 phosphate groups -attached to each other by high energy bonds
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
67
- make up genes
- includes: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate
- nucleotides are the building blocks
Nucleic Acids
68
- base
- pentose sugar (5 parts)
- phosphate group
Nucleotide
69
```
A-adenine
T-thymine
C-cytosine
G-guanine
U-uracil
```
Bases
70
- double helix
- replicates all generic information in all cells
- provides instructions for protein synthesis
DNA
71
-carries orders for protein synthesis
RNA
72
-carries message for protein building from DNA to ribosomes
mRNA
73
Takes amino acids to ribosome
tRNA
74
Forms part of ribosomes, oversees the transmission of message and amino acid bonding to make proteins
rRNA
