Test #2 Flashcards
(51 cards)
What is Atkinson’s and Shriffron’s three memory model
we have 3 types of memory systems; sensory memory, short term store, and long term memory
What are 4 characteristics that can be used to differentiate between the different types of memory
encoding, duration, capacity, and types of code(s)
What are the two different sources of encoding in the short term memory system
from selective attention (sensory memory) and from long term store
How long does something last in our short term memory (without rehearsal)
15 seconds
What study/task showed that the duration of short term memory is 15 seconds without rehearsal
brown peterson task
What is the most prominent type of coding in short term memory
acoustic coding or avl
Wicklegren gave participants a list of letters orally. When participants were asked to repeat back the letter what kind of errors did they make?
acoustic errors (mistaking a D for a T)
Conrad elaborated on Wickelgren’s work about acoustic error. What contribution did Conrad make?
When letters were presented visually as well as orally people still made acoustic mistakes
What does AVL stand for
Acoustic verbal linguistic
Is short term capacity small medium or large and what number of items can people remember on average
small. 7 plus or minus 2
What concept or theory does De Groot’s study on chess elaborate on
chunking
What is it called when we elaborate on an input to process it
elaboration encoding
What is the serial position curve
when given a list of items subjects are more likely to remember the first couple and last couple items. These are primacy and recency effects respectively
Why do primacy effects occur
Those items have been rehearsed so much they enter our temporary long term store
Why do recency effects occur
we just rehearsing
What happens to the serial position curve when the prof makes a “mistake” at the end
the recency effect disappears because rehearsal stops
Whats another term for chunking
reduction
Explain Bijrok & Whitten’s cued recall study
Same as the serial position curve task except they had 10 pairs of words
What were the results of Bikroks and whitens cued recall study
Even after a twenty second delay without rehearsal people were still able to pair the item when given a cue suggesting there were still recency effects
Besides AVL coding what kind of codes can people make in short term memory
visual and semantic
Explain Kroll et al shadowing task
While people were shadowing they were given a letter either visually or orally and were told to say the letter after a delay
what were the findings of Kroll’s shadowing task
After a longer delay people who were given the letter visually were able to remember it better than those given the letter orally
What was shulman’s study on semantic codes
showed participants words for half a second after a delay they were given a probe and participants had to say whether that was one of the words they saw
What were the results of shulman’s study on semantic codes and what does it mean
People were likely to give false positives (“that was one of the words”) when the words were semantically similar. This suggests that we can code semantically in short term memory
