test 2

Question 1

what period was the reign of Queen Victoria?

Answer 1

1837- 1901

Question 2

early victorian architecture borrowed mainly from what previous era?

Answer 2

middle eastern and asian influences ; also gothic revival, italianate and neoclassicism

Question 3

what are the common features of gothic revival architecture ?

Answer 3

• multi- coloured/ textured walls
• steeply pitched roofs
• asymetrical facades
• gingerbread gables
• strong vertical lines

Question 4

when what the 1st building boom for Victorian Architecture in ON?

Answer 4

• 1880 –> Industrial Revolution

Question 5

what styles of Victorian Architecture are most common throughout ON?

Answer 5

• gothic revival, Queen Anne and Italiante

Question 6

when was early Victorian architecture

Answer 6

1837- 1860

Question 7

when was late victorian architecture present? what styles came in this time frame?

Answer 7

1860- 1900 
2nd Empire
Stick 
Folk 
Shingle
Queen Anne 
Beaux Art

Question 8

what styles succeeded Victorian?

Answer 8

Georgian & Regency, Edwardian

1901 - 1914

Question 9

what are common characteristics of victorian homes?

Answer 9

colourful, elaborate, bold asymmetrical

Question 10

characteristics of italianate architecture?

Answer 10

• decorative eaves, arched windows, roman influences ( columns)

Question 11

characteristics of second empire

Answer 11

rectangular, flat facades, dormers

Question 12

characteristics of stick architecture?

Answer 12

• decorative trusswork, vertical and horizontal planes, steeped roof, simple gables

Question 13

characteristics of shingle architecture?

Answer 13

• shingles used to cover must of structure

Question 14

characteristics of folk architecture?

Answer 14

• usually from local materials , colourful gingerbread

Question 15

characteristics of Queen Anne architecture?

Answer 15

• multiple steeped roofs, decorative gables, circular tower

Question 16

characteristics of Beau Arts architecture?

Answer 16

-massive stone bearing walls, large arched windows, columns ‘ Gilded Cage’

Question 17

when did the victorian era end?

Answer 17

• 1914, onset WW1

Question 18

when was the arts and crafts movement?

Answer 18

1860- 1910

Question 19

what are 2 innovations that occurred at the turn of the 20th century to make building design more efficient?

Answer 19

• elevator
• reinforced concrete
• curtain walls

Question 20

why was the modern era of architecture essentially ‘stalled’ in North America at the end of WW2

Answer 20

• movement was rejected by the public who wanted traditional architecture for private homes

Question 21

what architectural form was dominated in the US until post WW2?

Answer 21

Art deco

Question 22

what is meant by ‘functionalist’ architecture and what architect is most noted for this style?

Answer 22

Frank Lloyd Wright

• emphasis on workplace efficiency
• undecorated, functional forms –> celebrate machine age

Question 23

what is the Bauhaus School of Design and who established this school?

Answer 23

• Walter Gropius in Dessau, Germany in 1919 - 1933

- taught design in integrated manner by combing fine arts, crafts, industrial design and architecture

Question 24

what was the main teaching philosophy of the Bauhaus ?

Answer 24

• goal to achieve machine- age architecture language; students could specialize after their multi- disc. training

Question 25

who are the 2 main architects that taught at Bauhaus?

Answer 25

Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe

Question 26

what artistic movement has a major influence on Bauhaus school?

Answer 26

1. ‘Fordism’
   - architecture should emulate machine age; houses should be build in the image of Henry Ford Mode T Ford
2. De Stijl: geometric forms, smooth bare surfaces and primary colours know as neoplasticism

Question 27

where did the term “international style” originate from and who were the architects in this movement?

Answer 27

• 1932 at the Museum of Modern Art

- Philip Johnson and Alfred Barr

Question 28

what shapes do the international style rely on?

Answer 28

geometric forms, rectilinear, asymmetrical compositions and large expanses of glazing and white walls

Question 29

what time period did the international style encompass North America?

Answer 29

1920s- late 1960s/ early 1970s

Question 30

what event in Europe caused the proliferation of International style throughout the world?

Answer 30

• Western European architects emigrated to US in 1930s due to the rejection of modernism by the National regime

Question 31

what happened to the International style in US and Canada at the end of WW2

Answer 31

• tall skyscrapers became synonymous with capitalism and corporate america

Question 32

how did land use policies affect the International style in Canada?

Answer 32

• land use regulations in formative stage; little resistance/ regulation over large buildings being built

Question 33

what role did Jane Jacobs play in developing International style in toronto

Answer 33

• initiated protests against the modern movement and its lack of human scale ; initiate post modern

Question 34

much of the current skyline in Toronto was constructed during what time period?

Answer 34

1950 and 1990

Question 35

when did the international style begin to fade out of Canadian cities?

Answer 35

1970s

Question 36

what was Frank Darlings contribution to the architecture of Toronto ?

Answer 36

• designed Bank of Montreal (Hocket Hall of Fame) in Beau Arts style

Question 37

who designed the CN tour? When?

Answer 37

1976, John Andrews