test 2 cervical

Question 1

How many joints in the cervical spine and what does this mean?

Answer 1

37… that it is highly mobile but not necessarily stable

Question 2

What could scars on the anterior triangle indicate?

Answer 2

tuberculous adenitis

Question 3

If the head is translated 3 inches anteriorly, approximately how much weight is being carried on the posterior structures of the cervical spine?

Answer 3

30 pounds

Question 4

What level are these structures: hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, first cricoid ring

Answer 4

C3, C4/5, C6

Question 5

What is the specific craniometric point on the external occipital protuberance?

Answer 5

Inion

Question 6

What vertebral level is the carotid tubercle located?

Answer 6

C6

Question 7

Which cervical segment is considered atypical?

Answer 7

C7

Question 8

Average angle of zygapophyseal joints in the c spine

Answer 8

45 degrees

Question 9

At which levels will you find uncovertebral joints and what type of joint are they?

Answer 9

C3-T1; saddle, diarthrodial

Question 10

What contributes to the couple motion of the C spine?

Answer 10

uncovertebral joints and zygapophyseal joints

Question 11

Most common location of pathology in the c spine?

Answer 11

C5/6; apex of lordosis, most mobile segment

Question 12

What structures are structurally involved in the cervicothoracic junction?

Answer 12

C7, T1, T2, ribs 1 and 2, and the manubrium

Question 13

ALL

Answer 13

anterior longitudinal ligament - runs anterior to vertebral bodies

Question 14

PLL

Answer 14

posterior longitudinal ligament - runs on the anterior surface of the posterior bodies between the bodies and the cord

Question 15

What nerve roots are responsible for innervating the trapezius?

Answer 15

C3 and C4 (spinal accessory nerve)

Question 16

Torticollis

Answer 16

aka wry neck - damage to a unilateral SCM; causes rotation to the opposite side and flexion to the same side

Question 17

What motions does the levator scapulae cause on the neck?

Answer 17

with the scapula stabilized, rotation and side bending of the neck to the same side; bilaterally, cervical extension

Question 18

Which rhomboid has a slight association with neck movement?

Answer 18

Rhomboid minor

Question 19

Clay shoveler’s fracture

Answer 19

Hyperflexion avulsion fracture of the spinous process of usually C7, C6, or T1; considered stable unless fracture goes into lamina

Question 20

What could a swollen parotid gland indicated

Answer 20

Mumps

Question 21

Where is C8 nerve root located?

Answer 21

Between C7 and T1

Question 22

Which grading scale is used for muscle testing?

Answer 22

Oxford or Van Allen’s Scale

Question 23

Which grading scale is used for reflexes?

Answer 23

Wexler’s Scale

Question 24

Where is the C5 nerve root sensation tested?

Answer 24

lateral aspect of the arm over the deltoid

Question 25

Jefferson fracture aka

Answer 25

Burst fracture; occurs with axial loads, such as diving into shallow water

Question 26

Hangman's fracture

Answer 26

disruption of the pars interarticularis of C2; blow on the head causing hyperextension producing fractures through the pedicles (traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2)

Question 27

If a person cannot get themselves into position for a muscle test, what is the best grade they can receive on the grading scale?

Answer 27

3; against gravity, complete ROM evident

Question 28

50% of cervical flexion is in which joint?

Answer 28

C0-C1

Question 29

50% of cervical rotation is in which joint?

Answer 29

C1-C2

Question 30

cervical lordosis developes from upright posture when child lifts head _____ months

Answer 30

3-4

Question 31

curve allows ____ to be oriented forward and provides shock absorbing mechanism

Answer 31

head and eyes

Question 32

if the head is 3" in front of the cog and estimate of ___ pounds of weight is produced in the structures of the c-spine

Answer 32

30

Question 33

hyoid bone opposite of

Answer 33

C3

Question 34

thyroid cartilage opposite of

Answer 34

C4/C5 vertebral body

Question 35

carotid tubercle

Answer 35

C6

Question 36

the superior facet of the contralateral side moves anterior and over the tip of the inferior articular face on the involved side

Answer 36

unilateral facet dislocation

Question 37

results in placement of the intervertebral foramen anterior to the inferior facet

Answer 37

unilateral facet dislocation

Question 38

there are __ z joints from c0-t1 and are covered with ____ cartilage

Answer 38

14, hyaline

Question 39

extend from C3-T1

Answer 39

Uncovertebral joints

Question 40

usually 10 saddle-shaped diarthodial articulation

Answer 40

Uncovertebral joints

Question 41

uncinate process + lateral aspect of superior vertebrate, and the beveled inferior-lateral aspect of the superior vertebra

Answer 41

uncovertebral joints

Question 42

uncovertebral joints and coupled rotation found by

Answer 42

wilmink and penning

Question 43

most common area of pathology in C-spine

Answer 43

c5-c6

Question 44

``` – In addition, the CTJ forms the____ _____, through which the neurovascular structures of the upper extremities pass ```

Answer 44

thoracic | outlet

Question 45

``` This ligament is narrower in the upper cervical spine but is wider in the lower cervical spine than it is in the thoracic region ```

Answer 45

ALL

Question 46

``` This ligament is broader and considerably thicker in the cervical region than in the thoracic and lumbar regions ```

Answer 46

PLL

Question 47

Most superficial back muscle – Extends from EOP to T12

Answer 47

Trapezius

Question 48

The superior portion of the _____ is frequently stretched in flexion injuries of the c spine such as motor vehicle collisions

Answer 48

trapezius

Question 49

head arcs posterior and the flexor muscles contract – which ligamentsinvolved?

Answer 49

Hyperextension, ALL

Question 50

head rebounds anterior ,anterior structures compress and extensor muscles stretch which ligaments involved?

Answer 50

Hyperflexion, PLL

Question 51

Largest muscle in the anterior | neck

Answer 51

SCM

Question 52

``` Motor supply is from the accessory nerve (CN IX), while the sensory innervation is supplied from the ventral rami of C 2 and C 3 ```

Answer 52

SCM

Question 53

Enlarged lymph nodes may indicate infection from respiratory tract and can cause ______

Answer 53

torticollis

Question 54

Torticollis aka

Answer 54

Wry Neck

Question 55

SCM muscle contraction causes _____ of the head to the opposite side and _____ of the neck to the same side

Answer 55

rotation, flexion

Question 56

levator scapula bilateral contraction=

Answer 56

neck extension

Question 57

Dr. Harold Crowe

Answer 57

“Dynamic injuries to the spine cause a genuine pathological insult that causes prolonged distress and disability, often lasting for several years after the accident”.

Question 58

________, with its attachment to the spinous processes of C 7 and T 1, has a slight association with the cervical spine

Answer 58

Rhomboid minor

Question 59

_______, arising from the spinous processes of T 1 through T 5, is inactive during isolated head and neck movements

Answer 59

rhomboid major

Question 60

if avulsion fracture not limited to | spinous process but extends into lamina, there is greater potential for_____ ____ injury

Answer 60

spinal cord

Question 61

if in spasm, elevate the ribs and be implicated in the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Answer 61

scalenes

Question 62

Adaptive shortening of these muscles will affect the mobility of the upper cervical spine

Answer 62

scalenes

Question 63

causes of TOS: result in compression of nerves, blood vessels or both

Answer 63

``` posture muscle tightness exercise trauma pregnancy being born with an extra rib (a cervical rib which is above the first rib). ```

Question 64

symptoms of TOS (usually exacerbated by lifting arm above shoulder height)

Answer 64

* tingling or numbness in the fingers, hands, arm, shoulder or neck * weakness of the hand or arm * hand or arm swelling * aching in the shoulder or neck

Question 65

First ____ disc is between C2 and C3 and is named C2 disc

Answer 65

cervical

Question 66

First nerve root exits between C0 and C1 and is named ______

Answer 66

C1 nerve root

Question 67

Last nerve exits between C7 and T1 and is named ______

Answer 67

C8 nerve root

Question 68

Jefferson fracture is AKA

Answer 68

Burst fracture

Question 69

Burst fracture occurs in patients with

Answer 69

Down syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and other destructive processes

Question 70

Asymmetric lateral bodies on odontoid view, increased predental space

Answer 70

Jefferson Fracture

Question 71

Fracture of pars interarticularis of C2 & disruption of C2-C3 junction

Answer 71

Hangman’s Fracture

Question 72

blowonthe forehead forcing the neck into extension is a classic MOI

Answer 72

hangman's fracture

Question 73

Clinical signs and symptoms of serious pathology include:

Answer 73

Unexplained weight loss Night pain Involvement of more than 1 nerve root Expanding pain Weak and painful resisted testing 4 findings and their interpretations Spasm with PROM T1 palsy

Question 74

ROM – ___ of flexion + extension occurs between CO + C1

Answer 74

50%

Question 75

___ of rotation occurs between C1 + C2

Answer 75

50%

Question 76

Klippel – Feil Deformity

Answer 76

bodies of 2 or more vertebrae are fused

Question 77

``` which key muscles? C 5 – C 6 – C 7 - C 8 - T 1 - ```

Answer 77

idk